Mayotte

Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique

Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01

60%

Relevant section: Articles 41, 41(2)

Dates: Effective 1990-01-01 · Enacted 1957-03-11

Why this score

Mayotte is a French territory. On 1990-01-01, Mayotte was a collectivité territoriale of France. French copyright law applied there. The applicable law was the Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique, which was the French copyright statute in force until it was codified into the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) effective 1 July 1992. Article 41 of the 1957 law provided exceptions including: (2) analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemic, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated; and (4) private and gratuitous performances carried out exclusively within the family circle. The law also permitted 'copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use' (Article 41(2) as commonly understood, later codified as L.122-5 2° CPI). The private copy exception (copie privée) permitted reproduction of works for the private use of the copier, covering all types of works and full works, but restricted to private/personal use only and not covering communication or sharing. No broader fair dealing, fair use, or general research exception existed. The quotation exception was limited to short quotations (excerpts), not full works. Therefore the most permissive research-relevant exception was the private copy exception, which is LIGHT BLUE: reproduction of full works, any type of work, but restricted to private/individual use, no sharing. I was unable to retrieve the verbatim text of the 1957 law via web search to provide an exact excerpt.

Exceptions considered

Code de la propriété intellectuelle (Loi n° 92-597 du 1er juillet 1992)

Relevant update · Effective 1992-07-01

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5, 2°

Dates: Effective 1992-07-01 · Enacted 1992-07-01

Why this score

The Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) codified and replaced the 1957 law effective 1 July 1992. Article L.122-5 lists exceptions to copyright. The key research-relevant provisions as originally enacted were: 2° copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use (copie privée); and 3° subject to the work having been disclosed, analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemic, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work incorporating them. The private copy exception (L.122-5 2°) permits reproduction of full works, of any type, but only for the private use of the copier — no sharing or communication. This is LIGHT BLUE. The quotation exception is limited to short quotations (RED). No broader fair dealing, fair use, or general research exception exists. The CPI applied to Mayotte as a French territory. I was unable to retrieve the exact original 1992 verbatim text via search; the text has been amended multiple times since.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Loi n° 2006-961 du 1er août 2006 relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins dans la société de l'information (DADVSI)

Relevant update · Effective 2006-08-03

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5, 3° e), 8°

Dates: Effective 2006-08-03 · Enacted 2006-08-01

Why this score

The DADVSI law transposed EU Directive 2001/29/EC into French law. It amended Art. L.122-5 CPI by adding several new exceptions, including: 3° e) reproduction or representation of extracts of works for the purpose of illustration for teaching and research (not for commercial purposes, subject to compensation); and 8° reproduction of a work for the purpose of conservation or intended to preserve the conditions of consultation on the premises of publicly accessible libraries, museums or archive services (on dedicated terminals). The teaching/research exception (3° e) is limited to 'extracts' — not full works — and therefore is RED on its own. The on-premises terminal exception (8°) is limited to consultation on dedicated terminals and does not permit research copying. The pre-existing private copy exception (L.122-5 2°) remained in force and unchanged, remaining the most permissive research-relevant exception at LIGHT BLUE. The DADVSI law also excluded software from the private copy exception (confirmed existing case law), but this exclusion was already implicit. Overall classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Loi n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique

Relevant update · Effective 2016-10-09

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5, 10° (TDM exception)

Dates: Effective 2016-10-09 · Enacted 2016-10-07

Why this score

The Loi pour une République numérique added a TDM exception at Art. L.122-5, 10° CPI. This exception permits digital copies/reproductions for text and data mining of scientific writings for the needs of public research, excluding commercial purposes. It is restricted to: (a) scientific writings only (not all works — ORANGE on works dimension); (b) public research entities only (not any user — PURPLE on users dimension); (c) reproduction only, though the decree may allow communication of files produced (ambiguous on sharing). On its own, this TDM exception would be ORANGE or PURPLE due to restrictions on both works and users. The pre-existing private copy exception (L.122-5, 2°) remains in force and is broader in scope (any work, any user for private use, full works). The private copy exception remains the most permissive research-relevant exception at LIGHT BLUE. The TDM exception does not elevate the overall classification above LIGHT BLUE because it is more restrictive than the private copy exception in the users dimension (public research only) and works dimension (scientific writings only). Overall: LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Original text

10° Les copies ou reproductions numériques réalisées à partir d'une source licite, en vue de l'exploration de textes et de données incluses ou associées aux écrits scientifiques pour les besoins de la recherche publique, à l'exclusion de toute finalité commerciale. Un décret fixe les conditions dans lesquelles l'exploration des textes et des données est mise en œuvre, ainsi que les modalités de conservation et de communication des fichiers produits au terme des activités de recherche pour lesquelles elles ont été produites ; les résultats de la recherche sont stockés de manière sécurisée ;

English rendering

[Unofficial translation]: 10° Digital copies or reproductions made from a lawful source, for the purpose of text and data mining included in or associated with scientific writings, for the needs of public research, excluding any commercial purpose. A decree shall set the conditions under which text and data mining is carried out, as well as the terms for conservation and communication of files produced at the end of the research activities for which they were produced; the research results are stored securely;

Source links

• Official text ↗

Ordonnance n° 2021-580 du 12 mai 2021 portant transposition de la directive (UE) 2019/790 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins dans le marché unique numérique

Relevant update · Effective 2021-05-14

60%

Relevant section: Articles L.122-5-3, L.122-5-4 CPI (new TDM exceptions replacing Art. L.122-5, 10°)

Dates: Effective 2021-05-14 · Enacted 2021-05-12

Why this score

Ordonnance n° 2021-580 transposed EU Directive 2019/790 (DSM Directive) into French law. It replaced the former TDM exception (Art. L.122-5, 10°) with two new TDM provisions: Art. L.122-5-3 (TDM for scientific research by research organizations and cultural heritage institutions, transposing Art. 3 of the Directive) and Art. L.122-5-4 (general TDM exception, transposing Art. 4 of the Directive, subject to rights-holder opt-out). Art. L.122-5-3 permits reproductions and extractions from lawfully accessed works for TDM for scientific research purposes by research organizations and cultural heritage institutions. This covers reproduction of full works and all types of works, but is restricted to specific institutional users (PURPLE). Art. L.122-5-4 permits reproductions and extractions for TDM by any person with lawful access, but subject to rights-holder opt-out (reservation of rights). This is broader on users but subject to opt-out, and covers reproduction only (not communication). On its face, L.122-5-4 would be BLUE (reproduction of full works, any user, any work, no sharing) but the opt-out mechanism means it is not unconditional. The pre-existing private copy exception (L.122-5, 2°) remains in force. Comparing: L.122-5-4 (general TDM) covers reproduction of any work by any user but no sharing and subject to opt-out — this is BLUE if we treat the opt-out as a classification-neutral factor (similar to a proportionality qualifier). However, the opt-out is a substantive restriction that means the exception may not be available for many works. On a conservative reading, L.122-5-4 is BLUE when available but may not always be available. The private copy exception (L.122-5, 2°) remains LIGHT BLUE (any work, full works, private use only, no sharing). The institutional TDM exception (L.122-5-3) is PURPLE. The most permissive exception that is unconditionally available remains the private copy exception at LIGHT BLUE. However, Art. L.122-5-4 when available is BLUE (broader than LIGHT BLUE on users dimension — any user, not just private). This creates a tension: L.122-5-4 is more permissive on users but subject to opt-out; L.122-5, 2° is unconditional but restricted to private use. On balance, I classify as LIGHT BLUE because the general TDM exception (L.122-5-4) is subject to opt-out and therefore not reliably available for all works, while the private copy exception is unconditionally available. The institutional TDM exception (L.122-5-3) is not subject to opt-out but is restricted to institutions.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée 2025)

Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01

60%

Relevant section: Articles L.122-5 2°, L.122-5 3° a), L.122-5 3° e), L.122-5-3, L.122-5-4

Dates: Effective 2025-01-01

Why this score

As of 2025, the Code de la propriété intellectuelle applies to Mayotte as a département of France. The research-relevant exceptions in force are: (1) Art. L.122-5, 2° — private copy exception: reproduction of full works for private use of the copier, any type of work, not for collective use (LIGHT BLUE); (2) Art. L.122-5, 3° a) — short quotations for critical, pedagogical, scientific purposes (RED); (3) Art. L.122-5, 3° e) — extracts for teaching/research illustration (RED); (4) Art. L.122-5-3 — TDM for scientific research by research organizations and cultural heritage institutions (PURPLE); (5) Art. L.122-5-4 — general TDM by any person with lawful access, subject to opt-out (BLUE when available). The most permissive unconditionally available exception remains the private copy exception (L.122-5, 2°), which permits reproduction of full works of any type but only for private use and without sharing. This yields LIGHT BLUE. The general TDM exception (L.122-5-4) is potentially BLUE but is conditional on the absence of rights-holder opt-out. No fair use, fair dealing, or general research exception covering both reproduction and communication exists in French law. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction on teaching/research exception, lawful-access requirement on TDM) were not factored into the color decision.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗