Selected year snapshot
For 1999, the active event in this file is Code de la propriété intellectuelle (Loi n° 92-597 du 1er juillet 1992).
60%
Current rationale
Martinique is an overseas department (département d'outre-mer) of France. French law, including the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI), applies directly. As of 1992 (the CPI codified pre-existing law from Loi n° 57-298 of 11 March 1957 and Loi n° 85-660 of 3 July 1985), the most research-relevant exceptions are: (1) Art. L.122-5 2° — private copy exception: permits reproduction of full works but only for the 'private use of the copier' and not for collective use. This covers all types of works (except copies of art for identical purposes) and all users acting privately, but does not permit sharing/communication. It is restricted to individuals acting privately. (2) Art. L.122-5 3°(a) — analyses and short quotations: permits only short quotations, not full-work reproduction, so this is RED standing alone. The most permissive exception for research is the private copy exception (Art. L.122-5 2°), which permits reproduction of full works by any individual for private use (including private study/research), covering all work types (with a minor art-copy carve-out), but restricted to private/personal use and not permitting sharing. This maps to LIGHT BLUE. The non-commercial restriction and the art-copy carve-out are minor and do not change the classification. The quotation exception is less permissive (RED). Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial purpose, single-copy norms) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier, not for collective use. Excludes copies of art works for identical purposes.
Analyses and short quotations justified by critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the incorporating work.
Private and gratuitous performances exclusively within the family circle.
Law changes
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (Loi n° 92-597 du 1er juillet 1992)
Baseline · Effective 1992-07-01
60%
Relevant section: Articles L.122-5, L.122-5 2°, L.122-5 3°(a)
Dates: Effective 1992-07-01 · Enacted 1992-07-01
Why this score
Martinique is an overseas department (département d'outre-mer) of France. French law, including the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI), applies directly. As of 1992 (the CPI codified pre-existing law from Loi n° 57-298 of 11 March 1957 and Loi n° 85-660 of 3 July 1985), the most research-relevant exceptions are: (1) Art. L.122-5 2° — private copy exception: permits reproduction of full works but only for the 'private use of the copier' and not for collective use. This covers all types of works (except copies of art for identical purposes) and all users acting privately, but does not permit sharing/communication. It is restricted to individuals acting privately. (2) Art. L.122-5 3°(a) — analyses and short quotations: permits only short quotations, not full-work reproduction, so this is RED standing alone. The most permissive exception for research is the private copy exception (Art. L.122-5 2°), which permits reproduction of full works by any individual for private use (including private study/research), covering all work types (with a minor art-copy carve-out), but restricted to private/personal use and not permitting sharing. This maps to LIGHT BLUE. The non-commercial restriction and the art-copy carve-out are minor and do not change the classification. The quotation exception is less permissive (RED). Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial purpose, single-copy norms) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier, not for collective use. Excludes copies of art works for identical purposes.
Analyses and short quotations justified by critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the incorporating work.
Private and gratuitous performances exclusively within the family circle.
Original text
Lorsque l'oeuvre a été divulguée, l'auteur ne peut interdire : 1° Les représentations privées et gratuites effectuées exclusivement dans un cercle de famille ; 2° Les copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective, à l'exception des copies des oeuvres d'art destinées à être utilisées pour des fins identiques à celles pour lesquelles l'oeuvre originale a été créée ; 3° Sous réserve que soient indiqués clairement le nom de l'auteur et la source : a) Les analyses et courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d'information de l'oeuvre à laquelle elles sont incorporées ;
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: When the work has been disclosed, the author may not prohibit: 1° Private and gratuitous performances made exclusively within the family circle; 2° Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use, with the exception of copies of works of art intended to be used for purposes identical to those for which the original work was created; 3° Provided that the name of the author and the source are clearly indicated: (a) Analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated;
Source links
Loi n° 2006-961 du 1er août 2006 relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins dans la société de l'information (DADVSI)
Relevant update · Effective 2006-08-04
60%
Relevant section: Art. L.122-5 3°(e), Art. L.122-5 8°, Art. L.122-5 2° (as amended)
Dates: Effective 2006-08-04 · Enacted 2006-08-01
Why this score
The DADVSI law of 2006 transposed EU Directive 2001/29/EC into French law. It added Art. L.122-5 3°(e), a teaching and research exception, but this is limited to 'extracts' of works (not full works), excludes several categories (pedagogical works, musical scores, digital editions), and is restricted to specific audiences (students, teachers, researchers). Standing alone, this would be RED (extracts only) or at best ORANGE (given work-type exclusions). It also added Art. L.122-5 8° (exception for persons with disabilities) which is not research-relevant. The pre-existing private copy exception (Art. L.122-5 2°) was maintained but now subject to the new three-step test in Art. L.122-5 last paragraph and to DRM/TPM provisions. The private copy exception still permits reproduction of full works for private use of the copier, covering all work types and all individual users acting privately, but not sharing. This remains the most permissive research-relevant exception. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE. The new teaching/research exception (3°(e)) is less permissive than the private copy exception for research purposes because it only covers extracts. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction, remuneration) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Private copy: reproduction strictly reserved for private use of the copier, not for collective use. Excludes art copies for identical purposes.
Analyses and short quotations for critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational purposes.
Representation or reproduction of extracts of works for illustration in teaching and research, excluding pedagogical works, musical scores, and digital editions; restricted to specific audience of students/teachers/researchers; non-commercial; compensated.
Original text
3° Sous réserve que soient indiqués clairement le nom de l'auteur et la source : ... e) La représentation ou la reproduction d'extraits d'oeuvres, sous réserve des oeuvres conçues à des fins pédagogiques, des partitions de musique et des oeuvres réalisées pour une édition numérique de l'écrit, à des fins exclusives d'illustration dans le cadre de l'enseignement et de la recherche, à l'exclusion de toute activité ludique ou récréative, dès lors que le public auquel cette représentation ou cette reproduction est destinée est composé majoritairement d'élèves, d'étudiants, d'enseignants ou de chercheurs directement concernés, que l'utilisation de cette représentation ou cette reproduction ne donne lieu à aucune exploitation commerciale et qu'elle est compensée par une rémunération négociée sur une base forfaitaire sans préjudice de la cession du droit de reproduction par reprographie mentionnée à l'article L. 122-10 ;
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: 3° Provided that the name of the author and the source are clearly indicated: ... (e) The representation or reproduction of extracts of works, with the exception of works designed for pedagogical purposes, musical scores and works made for digital publishing, for the exclusive purpose of illustration in the context of teaching and research, excluding any recreational activity, provided that the audience to whom this representation or reproduction is intended is composed mainly of pupils, students, teachers or researchers directly concerned, that the use of this representation or reproduction does not give rise to any commercial exploitation and that it is compensated by remuneration negotiated on a flat-rate basis without prejudice to the assignment of the reprographic reproduction right mentioned in Article L. 122-10;
Source links
Loi n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique
Relevant update · Effective 2016-10-09
60%
Relevant section: Art. L.122-5 10° (TDM exception)
Dates: Effective 2016-10-09 · Enacted 2016-10-07
Why this score
The Loi pour une République numérique added Art. L.122-5 10°, a TDM-specific exception. This permits digital reproduction from lawful sources for TDM of scientific writings for public research needs, excluding commercial purposes. Communication of resulting files is limited to verification of research results only. Standing alone, this TDM exception is narrow: (1) Works: limited to 'scientific writings' (écrits scientifiques), not all works — this is a work-type restriction; (2) Users: limited to 'public research' (recherche publique), meaning public research institutions — this is a user restriction; (3) Uses: reproduction is covered; communication is very limited (verification only). This TDM exception alone would be PURPLE or ORANGE due to combined user and work restrictions. The pre-existing private copy exception (Art. L.122-5 2°) remains in force and is still the most permissive for general research reproduction: it covers full works of all types, any individual user acting privately, but not sharing. LIGHT BLUE remains the overall classification. The TDM exception does not improve the overall classification because it is more restrictive than the private copy exception in the user and works dimensions. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction, lawful source requirement) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Private copy: reproduction strictly reserved for private use of the copier, not for collective use.
Analyses and short quotations for critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational purposes.
Representation or reproduction of extracts of works for illustration in teaching and research context.
Digital copies for TDM of scientific writings for public research needs, non-commercial; communication limited to verification of results.
Original text
10° Les copies ou reproductions numériques réalisées à partir d'une source licite, en vue de l'exploration de textes et de données incluses ou associées aux écrits scientifiques pour les besoins de la recherche publique, à l'exclusion de toute finalité commerciale. Un décret fixe les conditions dans lesquelles l'exploration des textes et des données est mise en œuvre, ainsi que les modalités de conservation et de communication des fichiers produits au terme des activités de recherche pour lesquelles elles ont été produites ; les fichiers produits dans le cadre de ces activités de recherche ne peuvent être communiqués qu'aux seules fins de vérification des résultats de la recherche ;
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: 10° Digital copies or reproductions made from a lawful source, for the purpose of text and data mining included in or associated with scientific writings, for the needs of public research, excluding any commercial purpose. A decree shall set the conditions under which text and data mining is implemented, as well as the terms for conservation and communication of files produced at the end of the research activities for which they were produced; files produced in the context of these research activities may only be communicated for the sole purpose of verification of research results;
Source links
Ordonnance n° 2021-1518 du 24 novembre 2021 portant transposition de la directive (UE) 2019/790 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins dans le marché unique numérique
Relevant update · Effective 2021-11-26
60%
Relevant section: Art. L.122-5-3 (TDM for research), Art. L.122-5-4 (general TDM)
Dates: Effective 2021-11-26 · Enacted 2021-11-24
Why this score
The Ordonnance of 24 November 2021 transposed EU Directive 2019/790 (DSM Directive) into French law, replacing the former Art. L.122-5 10° with new dedicated articles. Art. L.122-5-3 creates a TDM exception for research: it covers digital reproduction of works (all types) lawfully accessed, for TDM for research needs, and permits storage/retention for research including verification. However, it is restricted to 'research organisations and cultural heritage institutions' (II), making it an institutional exception. It covers reproduction and storage but does not explicitly authorize communication/sharing beyond retention for verification. Standing alone: PURPLE (institutional user restriction). Art. L.122-5-4 creates a general TDM exception for any user, covering reproduction of lawfully accessed works for TDM, but subject to an opt-out by rightholders (machine-readable reservation). This covers all works and all users, but only reproduction (not communication/sharing). However, the opt-out mechanism means the exception is conditional — rightholders can exclude their works. Standing alone, this would be BLUE if the opt-out is treated as classification-neutral, but the opt-out is a substantive limitation on scope (it means the exception does not reliably cover all works). The pre-existing private copy exception (Art. L.122-5 2°) remains in force: full-work reproduction, all work types, any individual acting privately, no sharing. This is LIGHT BLUE. Comparing all exceptions: Art. L.122-5-4 (general TDM) could be BLUE for TDM-specific reproduction by any user of any work (when not opted out), but the opt-out means it does not reliably cover all works. Art. L.122-5-3 is PURPLE (institutional). Art. L.122-5 2° is LIGHT BLUE (private use). The general TDM exception (L.122-5-4) is potentially more permissive than private copy because it is not restricted to private/personal use — any user can do TDM reproduction. However, it only covers reproduction (not sharing), and the opt-out mechanism means coverage of works is uncertain. On balance, Art. L.122-5-4 for TDM purposes covers reproduction by any user of works not opted out. Since the opt-out is a substantive work-availability restriction (not merely a lawful-access requirement), this creates uncertainty. For non-TDM research reproduction, the private copy exception (LIGHT BLUE) remains the most permissive. For TDM specifically, L.122-5-4 could be BLUE (reproduction, all users, subject to opt-out). However, the opt-out is a material restriction that could exclude significant categories of works in practice. I classify the overall status as LIGHT BLUE, as the private copy exception remains the broadest reliable exception for general research reproduction. The TDM exceptions add value for computational analysis but do not clearly surpass LIGHT BLUE for general research use given the opt-out and institutional restrictions. Classification-neutral factors (lawful access, storage, contract override) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Private copy: reproduction strictly reserved for private use of the copier, not for collective use.
Analyses and short quotations for critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational purposes.
Representation or reproduction of extracts of works for illustration in teaching and research.
TDM exception for research organisations and cultural heritage institutions: digital reproduction and storage of lawfully accessed works for TDM for research. Contract override included.
General TDM exception: digital reproduction of lawfully accessed works for TDM by any user, subject to rightholder opt-out by machine-readable means.
Original text
Art. L. 122-5-3. – I. – Les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres auxquelles il a été accédé de manière licite réalisées en vue de fouilles de textes et de données menées à bien pour les besoins de la recherche ne constituent pas une atteinte aux droits prévus aux 1° et 2° de l'article L. 122-4 et aux articles L. 342-1 et L. 342-2. Les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres réalisées en application du premier alinéa sont stockées avec un niveau de sécurité approprié. Elles peuvent être conservées à des fins de recherche, y compris pour la vérification des résultats de la recherche. II. – Les dispositions du I bénéficient aux organismes de recherche et aux institutions du patrimoine culturel, ou pour leur compte, lorsqu'ils effectuent des fouilles de textes et de données à des fins de recherche scientifique. III. – Toute clause contractuelle contraire au I est réputée non écrite. Art. L. 122-5-4. – Sauf si le titulaire d'un droit d'auteur n'a pas autorisé les fouilles de textes et de données sur ses œuvres et objets protégés de manière appropriée, notamment par des procédés lisibles par machine pour les contenus mis à la disposition du public en ligne, les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres auxquelles il a été accédé de manière licite réalisées en vue de fouilles de textes et de données ne constituent pas une atteinte aux droits prévus aux 1° et 2° de l'article L. 122-4 et aux articles L. 342-1 et L. 342-2.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. L. 122-5-3. – I. – Digital copies or reproductions of works to which lawful access has been obtained, made for the purpose of text and data mining carried out for the needs of research, do not constitute an infringement of the rights provided for in 1° and 2° of Article L. 122-4 and in Articles L. 342-1 and L. 342-2. Digital copies or reproductions of works made pursuant to the first paragraph shall be stored with an appropriate level of security. They may be retained for research purposes, including for the verification of research results. II. – The provisions of I benefit research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, or those acting on their behalf, when they carry out text and data mining for the purposes of scientific research. III. – Any contractual clause contrary to I shall be deemed unwritten. Art. L. 122-5-4. – Unless the holder of a copyright has not authorised text and data mining of their works and protected subject matter in an appropriate manner, in particular by machine-readable means for content made available to the public online, digital copies or reproductions of works to which lawful access has been obtained, made for the purpose of text and data mining, do not constitute an infringement of the rights provided for in 1° and 2° of Article L. 122-4 and in Articles L. 342-1 and L. 342-2.
Source links
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025)
Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01
60%
Relevant section: Art. L.122-5 2°, Art. L.122-5 3°(a), Art. L.122-5 3°(e), Art. L.122-5-3, Art. L.122-5-4
Dates: Effective 2025-01-01
Why this score
As of 2025, the French Code de la propriété intellectuelle applies in Martinique. The full inventory of research-relevant exceptions is: (1) Art. L.122-5 2° — private copy for private use of the copier from lawful source, all works except software, electronic databases, and art copies for identical purposes. Covers reproduction of full works, any individual acting privately, no sharing. LIGHT BLUE. (2) Art. L.122-5 3°(a) — short quotations for scientific/pedagogical/critical purposes. RED (excerpts only). (3) Art. L.122-5 3°(e) — extracts for teaching and research illustration, restricted audience, non-commercial. RED (extracts only, plus work exclusions). (4) Art. L.122-5-3 — TDM for research by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions. Covers reproduction and storage of all works lawfully accessed. PURPLE (institutional restriction). (5) Art. L.122-5-4 — general TDM by any user, reproduction of lawfully accessed works, subject to rightholder opt-out. BLUE if opt-out is disregarded; uncertain if opt-out is treated as a work restriction. The most permissive reliable exception for general research reproduction remains Art. L.122-5 2° (private copy), which is LIGHT BLUE. For TDM specifically, Art. L.122-5-4 could support BLUE classification, but the opt-out mechanism introduces uncertainty about work coverage. The private copy exception now excludes software and electronic databases (added by various amendments), which is a work-type restriction, but these exclusions are narrow and the exception still covers the vast majority of work types including literary, artistic, musical, and audiovisual works. This does not change the classification to ORANGE because the exclusions are specific carve-outs rather than a general limitation to certain work types. Overall classification: LIGHT BLUE. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restrictions, remuneration, lawful source, contract override, storage) were not factored into the color.
Exceptions considered
Private copy: reproduction from lawful source strictly reserved for private use of the copier, not for collective use. Excludes copies of art for identical purposes, software (except backup), and electronic databases.
Analyses and short quotations for critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational purposes.
Representation or reproduction of extracts of works for illustration in teaching and research, excluding pedagogical works and musical scores; restricted audience; non-commercial; compensated.
TDM for research organisations and cultural heritage institutions: digital reproduction and storage of lawfully accessed works for TDM for scientific research. Contract override.
General TDM: digital reproduction of lawfully accessed works for TDM by any user, subject to rightholder opt-out by machine-readable means.
Original text
Art. L. 122-5. – Lorsque l'œuvre a été divulguée, l'auteur ne peut interdire : ... 2° Les copies ou reproductions réalisées à partir d'une source licite et strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective, à l'exception des copies des œuvres d'art destinées à être utilisées pour des fins identiques à celles pour lesquelles l'œuvre originale a été créée et des copies d'un logiciel autres que la copie de sauvegarde établie dans les conditions prévues au II de l'article L. 122-6-1 ainsi que des copies ou des reproductions d'une base de données électronique ; ... 3° Sous réserve que soient indiqués clairement le nom de l'auteur et la source : a) Les analyses et courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d'information de l'œuvre à laquelle elles sont incorporées ; ... e) La représentation ou la reproduction d'extraits d'œuvres, sous réserve des œuvres conçues à des fins pédagogiques et des partitions de musique, à des fins exclusives d'illustration dans le cadre de l'enseignement et de la recherche, y compris pour l'élaboration et la diffusion de sujets d'examens ou de concours organisés dans la prolongation des enseignements, à l'exclusion de toute activité ludique ou récréative, dès lors que cette représentation ou cette reproduction est destinée, notamment au moyen d'un espace numérique de travail, à un public composé majoritairement d'élèves, d'étudiants, d'enseignants ou de chercheurs directement concernés par l'acte d'enseignement, de formation ou l'activité de recherche nécessitant cette représentation ou cette reproduction, qu'elle ne fait l'objet d'aucune publication ou diffusion à un tiers au public ainsi constitué, que l'utilisation de cette représentation ou cette reproduction ne donne lieu à aucune exploitation commerciale et qu'elle est compensée par une rémunération négociée sur une base forfaitaire ; Art. L. 122-5-3. – I. – Les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres auxquelles il a été accédé de manière licite réalisées en vue de fouilles de textes et de données menées à bien pour les besoins de la recherche ne constituent pas une atteinte aux droits prévus aux 1° et 2° de l'article L. 122-4 et aux articles L. 342-1 et L. 342-2. Les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres réalisées en application du premier alinéa sont stockées avec un niveau de sécurité approprié. Elles peuvent être conservées à des fins de recherche, y compris pour la vérification des résultats de la recherche. II. – Les dispositions du I bénéficient aux organismes de recherche et aux institutions du patrimoine culturel, ou pour leur compte, lorsqu'ils effectuent des fouilles de textes et de données à des fins de recherche scientifique. III. – Toute clause contractuelle contraire au I est réputée non écrite. Art. L. 122-5-4. – Sauf si le titulaire d'un droit d'auteur n'a pas autorisé les fouilles de textes et de données sur ses œuvres et objets protégés de manière appropriée, notamment par des procédés lisibles par machine pour les contenus mis à la disposition du public en ligne, les copies ou reproductions numériques d'œuvres auxquelles il a été accédé de manière licite réalisées en vue de fouilles de textes et de données ne constituent pas une atteinte aux droits prévus aux 1° et 2° de l'article L. 122-4 et aux articles L. 342-1 et L. 342-2.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. L. 122-5. – When the work has been disclosed, the author may not prohibit: ... 2° Copies or reproductions made from a lawful source and strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use, with the exception of copies of works of art intended to be used for purposes identical to those for which the original work was created, and copies of software other than the backup copy established under the conditions provided for in II of Article L. 122-6-1, as well as copies or reproductions of an electronic database; ... 3° Provided that the name of the author and the source are clearly indicated: (a) Analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated; ... (e) The representation or reproduction of extracts of works, with the exception of works designed for pedagogical purposes and musical scores, for the exclusive purpose of illustration in the context of teaching and research, including for the preparation and dissemination of examination or competition subjects organized as an extension of teaching, excluding any recreational activity, provided that this representation or reproduction is intended, in particular by means of a digital workspace, for an audience composed mainly of pupils, students, teachers or researchers directly concerned by the act of teaching, training or the research activity requiring this representation or reproduction, that it is not published or disseminated to a third party outside the audience so constituted, that the use of this representation or reproduction does not give rise to any commercial exploitation and that it is compensated by remuneration negotiated on a flat-rate basis; Art. L. 122-5-3. – I. – Digital copies or reproductions of works to which lawful access has been obtained, made for the purpose of text and data mining carried out for the needs of research, do not constitute an infringement of the rights provided for in 1° and 2° of Article L. 122-4 and in Articles L. 342-1 and L. 342-2. Digital copies or reproductions of works made pursuant to the first paragraph shall be stored with an appropriate level of security. They may be retained for research purposes, including for the verification of research results. II. – The provisions of I benefit research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, or those acting on their behalf, when they carry out text and data mining for the purposes of scientific research. III. – Any contractual clause contrary to I shall be deemed unwritten. Art. L. 122-5-4. – Unless the holder of a copyright has not authorised text and data mining of their works and protected subject matter in an appropriate manner, in particular by machine-readable means for content made available to the public online, digital copies or reproductions of works to which lawful access has been obtained, made for the purpose of text and data mining, do not constitute an infringement of the rights provided for in 1° and 2° of Article L. 122-4 and in Articles L. 342-1 and L. 342-2.