Saint Martin

Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique

Baseline · Effective 1957-03-11

60%

Relevant section: Article 41

Dates: Effective 1957-03-11 · Enacted 1957-03-11

Why this score

Saint Martin (French part) is a French overseas collectivity. French copyright law (Code de la propriété intellectuelle, and before its codification, the Loi of 11 March 1957) applies there. As of 1990-01-01, the governing law was the Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 as amended by the Loi n° 85-660 du 3 juillet 1985. Article 41(2) of the 1957 law permitted 'copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective' (copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use). This is a private-use exception covering reproduction of full works, restricted to individuals acting privately. Article 41(3) also permitted short quotations justified by the critical, polemic, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work, but quotations are limited to short excerpts and do not permit full-work reproduction. The private-use exception (Article 41(2)) is the most permissive research-relevant exception: it covers reproduction of full works of any type by any individual for private use, but does not cover sharing/communication and is restricted to private/personal use. This maps to LIGHT BLUE. Non-commercial restriction and copy limits are classification-neutral.

Exceptions considered

Loi n° 92-597 du 1er juillet 1992 relative au code de la propriété intellectuelle (partie législative)

Relevant update · Effective 1992-07-01

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5 2°, Article L.122-5 3° a)

Dates: Effective 1992-07-01 · Enacted 1992-07-01

Why this score

The Loi n° 92-597 codified French intellectual property law into the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI). The exceptions previously in Article 41 of the 1957 law were carried into Article L.122-5. Article L.122-5 2° continued the private-use exception: copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier. Article L.122-5 3° a) continued the quotation/analysis exception. The substance did not change. The most permissive research-relevant exception remains the private-use exception (L.122-5 2°), which permits full-work reproduction for private use by individuals but does not cover sharing. This remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Loi n° 2006-961 du 1er août 2006 relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins dans la société de l'information (DADVSI)

Relevant update · Effective 2006-08-04

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5 3° e), Article L.122-5 8°

Dates: Effective 2006-08-04 · Enacted 2006-08-01

Why this score

The DADVSI law of 1 August 2006 transposed EU Directive 2001/29/EC into French law. It amended Article L.122-5 of the CPI by adding several new exceptions, including: (3° e) reproduction or representation for the purpose of illustration for teaching or scientific research, provided the use is justified by the non-commercial purpose pursued, the source and author are indicated, and the audience is composed mainly of pupils, students, teachers or researchers directly concerned — this is an educational/research exception but restricted to specific institutional audiences (not open to any user) and limited to 'illustration' (not full-work reproduction in general); and (8°) reproduction of a work made for the purpose of constituting a database for consultation on dedicated terminals on the premises of libraries, museums, archives — this is a narrow library exception limited to on-premises terminal consultation. The private-use exception in L.122-5 2° was maintained but a new exclusion was added for copies of works of art intended for identical purposes as the original and copies of software and databases (narrowing private copy for those categories). However, for literary and scientific works, the private-use exception still permits full-work reproduction. The most permissive research-relevant exception remains the private-use exception (L.122-5 2°) for literary/scientific works. The educational/research exception (3° e) is narrower because it is restricted to specific audiences and to 'illustration' purposes. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE. The exclusion of software and databases from private copy could be seen as an ORANGE element, but since full-work reproduction of literary, musical, and audiovisual works remains available under private use, and the educational exception also covers research illustration, the overall classification stays LIGHT BLUE (the private-use exception for most work types remains the most permissive).

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Loi n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique

Relevant update · Effective 2016-10-09

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5 10° CPI

Dates: Effective 2016-10-09 · Enacted 2016-10-07

Why this score

The Loi pour une République numérique of 7 October 2016 introduced a text and data mining (TDM) exception into French copyright law. It added Article L.122-5 10° to the CPI, permitting 'les copies ou reproductions numériques réalisées à partir d'une source licite, en vue de l'exploration de textes et de données incluses ou associées aux écrits scientifiques pour les besoins de la recherche publique' (digital copies or reproductions made from a lawful source for the purpose of text and data mining of data included in or associated with scientific writings, for the needs of public research). This TDM exception is narrow: it is limited to (a) reproduction only (not communication/sharing), (b) scientific writings only (not all works), and (c) public research only (institutional restriction). Standing alone, this TDM exception would be ORANGE or PURPLE due to its work-type and user restrictions. However, the pre-existing private-use exception (L.122-5 2°) remains in force and is still the most permissive research-relevant exception for most work types. The overall classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Ordonnance n° 2021-580 du 12 mai 2021 portant transposition de la directive (UE) 2019/790 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 17 avril 2019 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins dans le marché unique numérique

Relevant update · Effective 2021-05-13

60%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5-3 CPI (new), Article L.122-5 10° CPI (repealed and replaced)

Dates: Effective 2021-05-13 · Enacted 2021-05-12

Why this score

The Ordonnance n° 2021-580 of 12 May 2021 transposed EU Directive 2019/790 (the DSM Directive) into French law. It significantly reformed the TDM exceptions. The previous narrow TDM exception (L.122-5 10°, limited to scientific writings for public research) was replaced by two new TDM provisions: (1) Article L.122-5-3 I permits reproductions and extractions from lawfully accessible works for the purposes of text and data mining by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions for scientific research purposes (transposing DSM Art. 3); (2) Article L.122-5-3 II permits reproductions and extractions for TDM from lawfully accessible works by any person, subject to the right holder's opt-out (transposing DSM Art. 4). The Art. 3 transposition (L.122-5-3 I) covers reproduction and extraction (but not communication/sharing) for research organisations — this is PURPLE (institutional restriction). The Art. 4 transposition (L.122-5-3 II) covers reproduction and extraction by any person for any purpose including research, but is subject to opt-out and covers reproduction/extraction only (not communication) — this would be BLUE if it covers full works without sharing. However, the pre-existing private-use exception (L.122-5 2°) remains in force and continues to be the most permissive for individual researchers making copies of full works for private research use. The new TDM exceptions add value for computational analysis but do not change the overall classification because they do not cover communication/sharing and the private-use exception already covers reproduction. Overall classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée 2025)

Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01

80%

Relevant section: Article L.122-5 2°, Article L.122-5 3° a), Article L.122-5 3° e), Article L.122-5-3 I and II

Dates: Effective 2025-01-01

Why this score

As of 2025, French copyright law (Code de la propriété intellectuelle) applies to Saint Martin (French part). The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article L.122-5-3 II CPI, which permits any person to make reproductions and extractions of lawfully accessible works for the purposes of text and data mining, subject only to the rightholder's opt-out reservation. This exception covers full works, is open to any user (not restricted to private/personal use or to institutions), but covers only reproduction and extraction — not communication or sharing. This maps to BLUE. The private-use exception (L.122-5 2°) remains in force but is less permissive than L.122-5-3 II because it is restricted to private/personal use. The institutional TDM exception (L.122-5-3 I) for research organisations is not subject to opt-out but is restricted to institutions (PURPLE). The educational/research exception (L.122-5 3° e) is restricted to specific audiences (PURPLE). The quotation exception (L.122-5 3° a) is limited to short excerpts (RED). Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restrictions, lawful-access requirements, opt-out mechanism) were not factored into the color decision. The opt-out in L.122-5-3 II is analogous to a contractual/technical reservation and does not change the classification. Overall: BLUE.

Exceptions considered