Selected year snapshot
For 2007, the active event in this file is Åndsverkloven (Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961 relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works).
60%
Current rationale
Bouvet Island is an uninhabited Norwegian dependency. It has no separate copyright legislation. Norway's Copyright Act (Åndsverkloven, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961) applies. As of 1990-01-01, the consolidated version of the Norwegian Copyright Act contained § 12 permitting reproduction of individual copies of a published work for private use ('privat bruk'). This private-use exception covers reproduction of full works by individuals for personal/private purposes including private study and research, but is limited to private use and does not authorize sharing, communication, or institutional copying. The Act also contained a quotation right (§ 22) limited to excerpts, and library provisions (§ 15) that were narrower. The most permissive research-relevant exception was § 12 (private use), which permits reproduction of full works of all types by individuals for private purposes. Because it is restricted to 'private use' (individual users only, no sharing), this maps to LIGHT BLUE. Non-commercial restriction and copy-number limits are classification-neutral. The verbatim Norwegian text of § 12 as in force on 1990-01-01 could not be retrieved in its exact 1990 wording via web search; the 1999 consolidated version available on WIPO Lex is the earliest full text accessible. However, § 12 (private use) was present in the original 1961 Act and remained in force through 1990.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual copies of a published work for private use (privat bruk). Covers all work types, full works, but limited to private/personal use by individuals. No sharing permitted.
Quotation from a published work in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary for the purpose. Limited to excerpts/quotations, not full works.
Library and archive copying provisions. Institutional exception for preservation and limited user supply.
Law changes
Åndsverkloven (Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961 relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works)
Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01
60%
Relevant section: § 12
Dates: Effective 1990-01-01 · Enacted 1961-05-12
Why this score
Bouvet Island is an uninhabited Norwegian dependency. It has no separate copyright legislation. Norway's Copyright Act (Åndsverkloven, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961) applies. As of 1990-01-01, the consolidated version of the Norwegian Copyright Act contained § 12 permitting reproduction of individual copies of a published work for private use ('privat bruk'). This private-use exception covers reproduction of full works by individuals for personal/private purposes including private study and research, but is limited to private use and does not authorize sharing, communication, or institutional copying. The Act also contained a quotation right (§ 22) limited to excerpts, and library provisions (§ 15) that were narrower. The most permissive research-relevant exception was § 12 (private use), which permits reproduction of full works of all types by individuals for private purposes. Because it is restricted to 'private use' (individual users only, no sharing), this maps to LIGHT BLUE. Non-commercial restriction and copy-number limits are classification-neutral. The verbatim Norwegian text of § 12 as in force on 1990-01-01 could not be retrieved in its exact 1990 wording via web search; the 1999 consolidated version available on WIPO Lex is the earliest full text accessible. However, § 12 (private use) was present in the original 1961 Act and remained in force through 1990.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual copies of a published work for private use (privat bruk). Covers all work types, full works, but limited to private/personal use by individuals. No sharing permitted.
Quotation from a published work in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary for the purpose. Limited to excerpts/quotations, not full works.
Library and archive copying provisions. Institutional exception for preservation and limited user supply.
Source links
Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) [Act relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works (Copyright Act)] LOV-2018-06-15-40
Relevant update · Effective 2018-07-01
60%
Relevant section: § 26, § 43
Dates: Effective 2018-07-01 · Enacted 2018-06-15
Why this score
Norway enacted a completely new Copyright Act (LOV-2018-06-15-40) which entered into force on 1 July 2018, replacing the 1961 Act. The new Act contains § 26 (kopiering til privat bruk / copying for private use), which continues to permit individuals to make copies of published works for private purposes. This is the most permissive research-relevant exception: it covers reproduction of full works of all types by any individual for private use, but does not authorize sharing or communication. The new Act also contains § 43 (library and institutional provisions) and § 29 (quotation). The private-use exception (§ 26) remains the most permissive for research purposes and maps to LIGHT BLUE. The new Act did not introduce a TDM-specific exception or a general fair use/fair dealing clause. The verbatim text could not be fully retrieved via web search in the original Norwegian; the WIPO Lex record confirms the Act but the full text page did not load completely.
Exceptions considered
Copying for private use (kopiering til privat bruk). Permits individuals to make copies of published works for private purposes. Covers all work types, full works, but restricted to private/personal use. No sharing.
Quotation right. Permits quotation from published works in accordance with proper usage. Limited to excerpts.
Library and archive provisions permitting institutional reproduction for preservation and limited supply to users.
Source links
Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) LOV-2018-06-15-40, as amended
Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01
60%
Relevant section: § 26, § 43
Dates: Effective 2025-01-01
Why this score
As of 2025, the Norwegian Copyright Act of 2018 (LOV-2018-06-15-40), as amended, remains in force and applies to Bouvet Island as a Norwegian dependency. The most permissive research-relevant exception continues to be § 26 (copying for private use), which permits individuals to reproduce full works of all types for private purposes including private study and research. It does not authorize sharing, communication, or institutional use. Norway implemented the EU DSM Directive (2019/790) provisions on TDM through amendments to the Copyright Act (LOV-2021-06-04-58, in force from 2021-08-01), adding § 30a (text- og datautvinning / text and data mining). This TDM exception permits reproduction and extraction for text and data mining purposes. However, the TDM exception (§ 30a) covers reproduction for TDM by any user (for non-commercial scientific research under one provision, and for any user subject to rights-holder opt-out under another). The scientific-research TDM provision permits reproduction and extraction but the scope of 'communication' is limited. The private-use exception (§ 26) and the TDM exception (§ 30a) together represent the most permissive landscape. The TDM exception for scientific research (§ 30a first paragraph, implementing DSM Art. 3) permits reproduction and extraction by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions — this is an institutional exception (PURPLE). The general TDM exception (§ 30a second paragraph, implementing DSM Art. 4) permits reproduction for TDM by any user but is subject to rights-holder opt-out and covers only reproduction/extraction, not communication — this maps to BLUE. The private-use exception (§ 26) maps to LIGHT BLUE. The most permissive exception is therefore the general TDM provision (§ 30a second paragraph) which permits reproduction by any user of any work for TDM without restricting to private use, but does not cover communication/sharing. This maps to BLUE. However, the scientific-research TDM provision (§ 30a first paragraph) is restricted to institutions (PURPLE) but may cover broader uses. Taking the most permissive reading: § 30a second paragraph permits reproduction by any user for TDM (BLUE), and § 26 permits reproduction by individuals for private use (LIGHT BLUE). The overall classification is BLUE based on the general TDM exception.
Exceptions considered
Copying for private use. Permits individuals to reproduce full works of all types for private purposes. No sharing. Restricted to private/personal use.
Quotation right. Permits quotation from published works. Limited to excerpts.
TDM exception for scientific research by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions. Permits reproduction and extraction for text and data mining for scientific research purposes. Restricted to specific institutional users.
General TDM exception permitting reproduction and extraction for text and data mining by any user with lawful access, subject to rights-holder opt-out. Covers all works, all users, reproduction only (not communication/sharing).
Library and archive provisions for institutional reproduction.