Selected year snapshot
For 2024, the active event in this file is Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Copyright and Related Rights" (No. ZRU-42 of July 20, 2006, as amended through August 20, 2021).
60%
Current rationale
As of 2025, the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights" (2006, as amended through 2021) remains in force. The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 25, which permits reproduction of lawfully published works exclusively for personal purposes. This covers full works (with exclusions for architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts) but is limited to personal/individual use and does not authorize sharing, communication, or distribution. There is no general fair use, fair dealing, or three-step-test enabling clause. There is no TDM exception. The library exception (Art. 30) is limited to articles and short excerpts for individual study/research requests. The quotation exception (Art. 26) is limited to excerpts justified by the purpose. Evaluating all exceptions: Art. 25 is the most permissive, yielding LIGHT BLUE due to the personal-use restriction on the user dimension. The work-type exclusions in Art. 25 would independently suggest ORANGE, but the user restriction (personal only) is more restrictive in the hierarchy, so LIGHT BLUE governs. Non-commercial restriction and single-copy limits are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Free reproduction of a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts
Quotation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical, informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts, to the extent justified by the purpose
Free reproduction of computer programs for backup and interoperability (decompilation)
Library/archive reprographic reproduction: single copy of articles and short excerpts at request of natural persons for study/research; single copy of full work for replacement of lost/destroyed copies
Law changes
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Copyright and Related Rights" (No. 42-I of August 30, 1996)
Baseline · Effective 1996-08-30
60%
Relevant section: Articles 18–26
Dates: Effective 1996-08-30 · Enacted 1996-08-30
Why this score
Uzbekistan's first post-independence copyright law was adopted on 30 August 1996 (Law No. 42-I "On Copyright and Related Rights"). This law entered into force upon publication. It contained provisions on free use of works modeled on the CIS Model Law and Berne Convention, including: (1) personal/private use reproduction (allowing reproduction of a lawfully published work for personal purposes without consent of the author and without payment of remuneration, with certain exclusions such as architectural works, databases, and computer programs); (2) quotation for scientific, critical, informational purposes; (3) use for educational purposes (illustration in teaching); (4) library/archival reproduction for replacement of lost copies and for fulfilling requests of individuals for educational and research purposes (limited to articles and small excerpts). The personal/private use exception was the most permissive for research, as it allowed reproduction of full works by individuals for personal purposes. However, it was limited to individual/private use and did not authorize sharing or communication. The library exception was limited to articles and short excerpts. No general fair use or fair dealing clause existed. The most permissive exception for a researcher was the private/personal use provision, which covers reproduction of full works but is restricted to individuals acting privately and does not cover sharing. This maps to LIGHT BLUE. I was unable to retrieve the full verbatim text of the 1996 law via web search; the classification is based on known structure of the 1996 Uzbek copyright law as described in secondary sources and the successor 2006 law's structure, which was modeled on it.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of a lawfully published work for personal (private) purposes without consent and without remuneration, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of books/musical texts in full
Quotation from lawfully published works for scientific, critical, polemic, or informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of works for illustration in teaching, to the extent justified by the purpose
Reproduction by libraries and archives for replacement of lost copies and for fulfilling individual requests for study/research (limited to articles and short excerpts)
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Copyright and Related Rights" (No. ZRU-42 of July 20, 2006)
Relevant update · Effective 2006-07-20
60%
Relevant section: Articles 25–33
Dates: Effective 2006-07-20 · Enacted 2006-07-20
Why this score
The 2006 law replaced the 1996 law and entered into force on the date of its official publication (July 20, 2006 is the date of adoption; it was published shortly thereafter). The exceptions relevant to research are: (1) Art. 25 — free reproduction for personal purposes: permits reproduction of full works for personal use, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts. This is the most permissive exception for a researcher — it allows reproduction of full works (with stated exclusions) but is limited to personal/private use and does not cover sharing/communication. (2) Art. 26 — quotation for scientific purposes: limited to excerpts justified by the purpose (RED). (3) Art. 30 — library/archive reproduction: limited to articles and short excerpts for study/research requests by individuals (RED for research copies). (4) Art. 28 — free reproduction of computer programs for backup/interoperability. The most permissive exception for research is Art. 25 (personal use), which covers reproduction of full works by individuals for personal purposes but excludes certain work types (full books via reprography, databases, computer programs, architectural works) and does not cover sharing. Since it permits full-work reproduction for most work types but excludes some categories AND is limited to personal/individual use, the most restrictive element is the personal-use limitation (LIGHT BLUE). The work-type exclusions (ORANGE element) are less restrictive than the user limitation in the color hierarchy. Classification: LIGHT BLUE. Non-commercial restriction is classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Free reproduction of a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts
Quotation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical, informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts, to the extent justified by the purpose
Free reproduction of computer programs for backup and interoperability (decompilation)
Library/archive reprographic reproduction: single copy of articles and short excerpts at request of individuals for study/research; single copy of full work for replacement of lost copies
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 25. Free reproduction of a work for personal purposes. It is permitted without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration to reproduce a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, except for: reproduction of works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures; reproduction of databases or substantial parts thereof; reproduction of computer programs, except as provided in Articles 27 and 28 of this Law; reprographic reproduction of books (in full) and musical texts. Article 26. Free use of a work for informational, scientific, educational or cultural purposes. Without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author and the source of borrowing, it is permitted: 1) citation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical and informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose of the citation, including reproduction of excerpts from newspaper and magazine articles in the form of press reviews; 2) use of lawfully published works and excerpts therefrom as illustrations in publications, radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature, to the extent justified by the purpose. Article 28. Free reproduction of programs for electronic computers and databases. Free decompiling of programs for electronic computers. [...] Article 30. Free reproduction of works by libraries and archives. A library or archive has the right, without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration, to carry out reprographic reproduction in a single copy: 1) of a lawfully published work — for the purpose of replacing lost, destroyed or rendered unusable copies [...]; 2) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodical publications, and short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) — at the request of natural persons for the purposes of study and research [...]; 3) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodical publications, and short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) — at the request of educational institutions for the purposes of classroom instruction.
Source links
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-702 of August 20, 2021, on Amendments to the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights"
Relevant update · Effective 2021-08-20
60%
Relevant section: Articles 25–33 (as amended)
Dates: Effective 2021-08-20 · Enacted 2021-08-20
Why this score
The 2021 amendments (Law No. ZRU-702 of August 20, 2021) primarily extended copyright duration from 50 to 70 years post mortem auctoris, in line with TRIPS/WTO accession preparations. According to available sources (Mondaq article by Settle Law Firm, cis-legislation.com showing the law 'as amended on 20-08-2021'), the exceptions and limitations provisions were not substantively changed. The same set of exceptions remains in force: Art. 25 (personal use reproduction), Art. 26 (quotation for scientific purposes), Art. 30 (library/archive reproduction of articles and short excerpts). No TDM exception was introduced. No general fair use or fair dealing clause was added. The most permissive exception remains Art. 25 (personal use), yielding LIGHT BLUE. The extension of copyright duration does not affect the color classification of exceptions.
Exceptions considered
Free reproduction of a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts
Quotation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical, informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts, to the extent justified by the purpose
Free reproduction of computer programs for backup and interoperability
Library/archive reprographic reproduction: single copy of articles and short excerpts at request of individuals for study/research
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: The 2021 amendments extended the duration of copyright protection from 50 to 70 years after the author's death. The exceptions and limitations provisions (Articles 25–33) were retained with the same substantive scope as the 2006 law. Article 25 continues to permit free reproduction of a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, with the same exclusions (architectural works, databases, computer programs, reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts).
Source links
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Copyright and Related Rights" (No. ZRU-42 of July 20, 2006, as amended through August 20, 2021)
Current law confirmation · Effective 2021-08-20
60%
Relevant section: Articles 25, 26, 28, 30
Dates: Effective 2021-08-20 · Enacted 2021-08-20
Why this score
As of 2025, the Law "On Copyright and Related Rights" (2006, as amended through 2021) remains in force. The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 25, which permits reproduction of lawfully published works exclusively for personal purposes. This covers full works (with exclusions for architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts) but is limited to personal/individual use and does not authorize sharing, communication, or distribution. There is no general fair use, fair dealing, or three-step-test enabling clause. There is no TDM exception. The library exception (Art. 30) is limited to articles and short excerpts for individual study/research requests. The quotation exception (Art. 26) is limited to excerpts justified by the purpose. Evaluating all exceptions: Art. 25 is the most permissive, yielding LIGHT BLUE due to the personal-use restriction on the user dimension. The work-type exclusions in Art. 25 would independently suggest ORANGE, but the user restriction (personal only) is more restrictive in the hierarchy, so LIGHT BLUE governs. Non-commercial restriction and single-copy limits are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Free reproduction of a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding architectural works, databases, computer programs, and reprographic reproduction of full books and musical texts
Quotation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical, informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts, to the extent justified by the purpose
Free reproduction of computer programs for backup and interoperability (decompilation)
Library/archive reprographic reproduction: single copy of articles and short excerpts at request of natural persons for study/research; single copy of full work for replacement of lost/destroyed copies
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 25. Free reproduction of a work for personal purposes. It is permitted without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration to reproduce a lawfully published work exclusively for personal purposes, except for: reproduction of works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures; reproduction of databases or substantial parts thereof; reproduction of computer programs, except as provided in Articles 27 and 28 of this Law; reprographic reproduction of books (in full) and musical texts. Article 26. Free use of a work for informational, scientific, educational or cultural purposes. Without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author and the source of borrowing, it is permitted: 1) citation from lawfully published works for scientific, polemic, critical and informational purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose of the citation. Article 30. Free reproduction of works by libraries and archives. A library or archive has the right, without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of author's remuneration, to carry out reprographic reproduction in a single copy: [...] 2) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodical publications, and short excerpts from lawfully published written works — at the request of natural persons for the purposes of study and research.