Selected year snapshot
For 1999, the active event in this file is Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968 – Law for the Protection of Copyright (قانون حماية حق المؤلف).
60%
Current rationale
As of 2025, Libya's copyright law remains the 1968 Law No. 9, unamended with respect to exceptions and limitations. The most permissive research-relevant exception continues to be Article 12 (personal-use single-copy reproduction of full works). No fair use, fair dealing, general research exception, or TDM exception exists. Articles 13–14 remain limited to short quotations/excerpts. Article 17 provides a library/institutional exception but is narrower in scope than the personal-use provision for individual researchers. The classification remains LIGHT BLUE: full-work reproduction is permitted, but only for personal use by individuals, and sharing/communication is not authorized. Classification-neutral factors (single-copy limit, non-commercial nature, proportionality qualifier) were not used to determine the color.
Exceptions considered
A person may make a single copy of a previously published work for personal use, provided no unjustified harm to the author's legitimate interests.
Analysis and short quotation from a published work for criticism, discussion, or information, with attribution.
Short excerpts from published works in educational or scientific works, or anthologies, for study, criticism, or information, with attribution.
Reproduction of articles on current topics from newspapers/periodicals, unless reproduction is expressly reserved.
Reproduction of excerpts from works heard or seen during educational events, within limits justified by the purpose.
Libraries, documentation centers, and non-commercial educational institutions may make copies under certain conditions.
Law changes
Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968 – Law for the Protection of Copyright (قانون حماية حق المؤلف)
Baseline · Effective 1968-03-30
60%
Relevant section: Articles 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Dates: Effective 1968-03-30 · Enacted 1968-03-16
Why this score
The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 12, which permits a person to make a single copy of a previously published work for personal use, provided it does not cause unjustified harm to the author's legitimate interests. This covers reproduction of full works but is restricted to personal use by individuals (not institutional or collaborative use) and covers only reproduction (not sharing/communication). Articles 13 and 14 permit only short quotations/excerpts for criticism, discussion, information, study, or scientific purposes — these are RED-level provisions because they cap reproduction at short excerpts. Article 15 permits reproduction of articles on current topics from newspapers/periodicals (a narrow category). Article 16 permits reproduction of excerpts from works for educational purposes. Article 17 permits libraries to make copies under certain conditions. The personal-use exception in Article 12 is the most permissive because it allows reproduction of a full work, but it is limited to individual personal use ('استعماله الشخصي'). There is no general fair dealing, fair use, or open research exception. Non-commercial restriction and single-copy limit are classification-neutral factors and were not used to determine the color. The classification is LIGHT BLUE because the most permissive exception (Art. 12) permits full-work reproduction but restricts the beneficiary to individuals acting for personal use.
Exceptions considered
A person may make a single copy of a previously published work for personal use, provided no unjustified harm to the author's legitimate interests.
Analysis and short quotation from a published work for criticism, discussion, or information, with attribution.
Short excerpts from published works in educational or scientific works, or anthologies, for study, criticism, or information, with attribution.
Reproduction of articles on current topics from newspapers/periodicals, unless reproduction is expressly reserved.
Reproduction of excerpts from works heard or seen during educational events, within limits justified by the purpose.
Libraries, documentation centers, and non-commercial educational institutions may make copies under certain conditions.
Original text
مادة (12) يجوز للشخص أن ينسخ من المصنف الذي سبق نشره نسخة واحدة لاستعماله الشخصي بشرط ألا يضر ذلك ضرراً غير مبرر بالمصالح المشروعة للمؤلف. مادة (13) يباح التحليل والاقتباس القصير من مصنف سبق نشره وذلك بقصد النقد أو المناقشة أو الإعلام بشرط أن يذكر المصدر واسم المؤلف وبشرط أن يكون ذلك وفقاً للعرف المتبع وفي حدود ما يبرره الغرض المراد تحقيقه. مادة (14) يباح نقل مقتطفات قصيرة من المصنفات التي سبق نشرها وذلك في مصنفات موجهة للتعليم أو ذات طابع علمي أو في مختارات تتضمن مصنفات لمؤلفين كثيرين وذلك بقصد الدراسة أو النقد أو الإعلام بشرط أن يذكر المصدر واسم المؤلف وبشرط أن يكون ذلك وفقاً للعرف المتبع وفي حدود ما يبرره الغرض المراد تحقيقه.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article (12): A person may make a single copy of a work that has been previously published for his personal use, provided that this does not cause unjustified harm to the legitimate interests of the author. Article (13): Analysis and short quotation from a previously published work shall be permitted for the purpose of criticism, discussion, or information, provided that the source and the name of the author are mentioned, and that this is in accordance with established practice and within the limits justified by the intended purpose. Article (14): The transfer of short excerpts from previously published works shall be permitted in works intended for education or of a scientific character, or in anthologies containing works of many authors, for the purpose of study, criticism, or information, provided that the source and the name of the author are mentioned, and that this is in accordance with established practice and within the limits justified by the intended purpose.
Source links
Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968 – Law for the Protection of Copyright (قانون حماية حق المؤلف)
Current law confirmation · Effective 1968-03-30
60%
Relevant section: Articles 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Dates: Effective 1968-03-30 · Enacted 1968-03-16
Why this score
As of 2025, Libya's copyright law remains the 1968 Law No. 9, unamended with respect to exceptions and limitations. The most permissive research-relevant exception continues to be Article 12 (personal-use single-copy reproduction of full works). No fair use, fair dealing, general research exception, or TDM exception exists. Articles 13–14 remain limited to short quotations/excerpts. Article 17 provides a library/institutional exception but is narrower in scope than the personal-use provision for individual researchers. The classification remains LIGHT BLUE: full-work reproduction is permitted, but only for personal use by individuals, and sharing/communication is not authorized. Classification-neutral factors (single-copy limit, non-commercial nature, proportionality qualifier) were not used to determine the color.
Exceptions considered
A person may make a single copy of a previously published work for personal use, provided no unjustified harm to the author's legitimate interests.
Analysis and short quotation from a published work for criticism, discussion, or information, with attribution.
Short excerpts from published works in educational or scientific works, or anthologies, for study, criticism, or information, with attribution.
Reproduction of articles on current topics from newspapers/periodicals, unless reproduction is expressly reserved.
Reproduction of excerpts from works heard or seen during educational events, within limits justified by the purpose.
Libraries, documentation centers, and non-commercial educational institutions may make copies under certain conditions.
Original text
مادة (12) يجوز للشخص أن ينسخ من المصنف الذي سبق نشره نسخة واحدة لاستعماله الشخصي بشرط ألا يضر ذلك ضرراً غير مبرر بالمصالح المشروعة للمؤلف.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article (12): A person may make a single copy of a work that has been previously published for his personal use, provided that this does not cause unjustified harm to the legitimate interests of the author.