Kazakhstan

Baseline

Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01

?

Dates: Effective 1990-01-01

Why this score

Kazakhstan became independent on December 16, 1991. On 1990-01-01, the territory was part of the USSR and was governed by Soviet copyright law (the Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, 1961, and the Civil Code of the Kazakh SSR). The Soviet copyright law contained a limited personal-use exception and a quotation exception. However, I cannot verify the exact text of the Kazakh SSR Civil Code copyright provisions in force on 1990-01-01 via web search. No digitized official text of the Kazakh SSR Civil Code copyright chapter was found. The first verifiable post-independence copyright statute is the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 6-I of June 10, 1996 'On Copyright and Related Rights.' I cannot confirm the precise exceptions in force on 1990-01-01.

Закон Республики Казахстан от 10 июня 1996 года № 6-I «Об авторском праве и смежных правах»

Relevant update · Effective 1996-06-10

60%

Relevant section: Article 18, Article 19, Article 20, Article 21

Dates: Effective 1996-06-10 · Enacted 1996-06-10

Why this score

The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18 (reproduction for personal purposes), which permits reproduction of lawfully disclosed works exclusively for personal purposes without consent or payment. This covers reproduction of full works by any individual for personal purposes (which includes private study and personal research). However, it is limited to 'personal purposes' (личных целях), restricting the beneficiary to individuals acting privately, and it excludes: (1) works of architecture as buildings, (2) databases or substantial parts, (3) computer programs, and (4) reprographic reproduction of entire books and musical scores. The exclusion of full reprographic reproduction of books and musical scores means this is not a clean full-works exception, but the provision does permit reproduction (including digital copying) of full works of other types for personal purposes. Article 19 provides quotation rights for scientific/research purposes but only to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation — this is a quotation exception (RED individually). Article 20 provides library/archive reproduction rights. Article 21 covers reprographic reproduction by libraries. The personal-use exception in Article 18 is the most permissive. Because it is restricted to 'personal purposes' (individual/private use only, no sharing), and it excludes certain categories of works (books in full reprographic form, databases, computer programs, architectural works), the classification could be LIGHT BLUE (personal use restriction) or ORANGE (work-type exclusions). The personal-use restriction is the more restrictive element in the color hierarchy (LIGHT BLUE is higher than ORANGE). Since the exception does permit full-work reproduction of many types of works (e.g., articles, audiovisual works, musical recordings, photographs) but restricts to personal use, LIGHT BLUE is the appropriate classification. Non-commercial restriction and lawful-access requirements are classification-neutral.

Exceptions considered

Original text

Статья 18. Воспроизведение произведения в личных целях
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения воспроизведение правомерно обнародованного произведения исключительно в личных целях.
2. Положение пункта 1 настоящей статьи не применяется в отношении:
1) воспроизведения произведений архитектуры в форме зданий и аналогичных сооружений;
2) воспроизведения баз данных или существенных частей из них;
3) воспроизведения программ для ЭВМ, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных статьей 24 настоящего Закона;
4) репродуцирования книг (полностью) и нотных текстов.

Статья 19. Свободное использование произведения в целях образования, науки, критики и информации
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования:
1) цитирование в оригинале и в переводе в научных, исследовательских, полемических, критических и информационных целях из правомерно обнародованных произведений в объеме, оправданном целью цитирования;
2) использование правомерно обнародованных произведений и отрывков из них в качестве иллюстраций в изданиях, в радио- и телепередачах, звуко- и видеозаписях учебного характера в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью;
3) воспроизведение в средствах массовой информации правомерно опубликованных статей по текущим экономическим, политическим, социальным и религиозным вопросам или переданных в эфир произведений такого же характера в случаях, когда такое воспроизведение не было специально запрещено автором;
4) воспроизведение в средствах массовой информации публично произнесенных политических речей, обращений, докладов и других аналогичных произведений в объеме, оправданном информационной целью.

English rendering

[Unofficial translation]: Article 18. Reproduction of a work for personal purposes
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of remuneration, to reproduce a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes.
2. The provision of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to:
1) reproduction of works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures;
2) reproduction of databases or substantial parts thereof;
3) reproduction of computer programs, except as provided in Article 24 of this Law;
4) reprographic reproduction of books (in their entirety) and musical scores.

Article 19. Free use of a work for purposes of education, science, criticism and information
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used and the source of borrowing:
1) quotation in the original and in translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes from lawfully disclosed works to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation;
2) use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts therefrom as illustrations in publications, radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the purpose;
3) reproduction in mass media of lawfully published articles on current economic, political, social and religious issues or broadcast works of the same nature, where such reproduction has not been specifically prohibited by the author;
4) reproduction in mass media of publicly delivered political speeches, addresses, reports and other similar works to the extent justified by the informational purpose.

Source links

• Official text 1 ↗
• Official text 2 ↗

Закон Республики Казахстан от 9 июля 2004 года № 586-II «О внесении изменений и дополнений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Казахстан по вопросам интеллектуальной собственности»

Relevant update · Effective 2004-07-09

60%

Relevant section: Article 18, Article 19, Article 20, Article 21 (as amended)

Dates: Effective 2004-07-09 · Enacted 2004-07-09

Why this score

The 2004 amendments to the Law on Copyright and Related Rights made various changes but did not fundamentally alter the structure of Articles 18-21 regarding personal use, quotation, educational use, or library reproduction. The personal-use exception in Article 18 remained the most permissive research-relevant exception, still limited to personal purposes with the same work-type exclusions. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Закон Республики Казахстан от 12 января 2012 года № 537-IV «О внесении изменений и дополнений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Казахстан по вопросам интеллектуальной собственности»

Relevant update · Effective 2012-01-12

60%

Relevant section: Article 18, Article 19, Article 20, Article 21 (as amended)

Dates: Effective 2012-01-12 · Enacted 2012-01-12

Why this score

The 2012 amendments made changes to the copyright law including strengthening enforcement provisions and adjusting definitions. The core exceptions in Articles 18-21 remained substantively the same. The personal-use exception (Article 18) continued to be the most permissive research-relevant exception, limited to personal purposes with the same work-type exclusions. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text ↗

Закон Республики Казахстан от 7 апреля 2015 года № 300-V «О внесении изменений и дополнений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Казахстан по вопросам интеллектуальной собственности»

Relevant update · Effective 2015-04-07

60%

Relevant section: Article 18, Article 19, Article 20, Article 21 (as amended)

Dates: Effective 2015-04-07 · Enacted 2015-04-07

Why this score

The 2015 amendments (Law No. 300-V of April 7, 2015) made changes to the copyright law on intellectual property issues. Based on the consolidated text, the core exception provisions in Articles 18-21 remained substantively the same. The personal-use exception (Article 18) continued as the most permissive research-relevant exception. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Source links

• Official text 1 ↗
• Official text 2 ↗

Закон Республики Казахстан от 10 июня 1996 года № 6-I «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (с изменениями и дополнениями по состоянию на 06.04.2024)

Current law confirmation · Effective 2024-04-06

60%

Relevant section: Article 18, Article 19, Article 20, Article 21

Dates: Effective 2024-04-06 · Enacted 2024-04-06

Why this score

As of 2025, the Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended through April 6, 2024) remains in force. The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18 — reproduction for personal purposes. This permits reproduction of lawfully disclosed works exclusively for personal purposes (личных целях) without consent or payment. It covers full works of most types but excludes: (1) architectural works as buildings, (2) databases or substantial parts, (3) computer programs, (4) reprographic reproduction of entire books and musical scores. The 'personal purposes' qualifier restricts this to individuals acting privately — no sharing, no institutional use, no communication to the public. Article 19(1)(1) permits quotation for scientific/research purposes but only to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation — this is a quotation exception limited to excerpts (RED). Article 20 permits library/archive reproduction of individual articles and small-volume works and short excerpts for research purposes — limited to excerpts and to institutional actors (RED). Article 21 similarly permits reprographic reproduction of articles and short excerpts by libraries/archives for research (RED). No TDM exception exists. No general fair use or fair dealing clause exists. No three-step-test enabling clause exists. The personal-use exception (Article 18) is the most permissive. It permits full-work reproduction (of most types) but only for personal purposes. The exclusion of certain work types (databases, computer programs, full reprographic reproduction of books and musical scores) means it is not fully open on works, but it does permit full-work reproduction of many types (articles, audiovisual works, photographs, sound recordings, etc.). The primary restriction is the 'personal purposes' user limitation. Classification: LIGHT BLUE. Non-commercial restriction and lawful-access requirements are classification-neutral factors and were not considered in the color determination.

Exceptions considered

Original text

Статья 18. Воспроизведение произведения в личных целях
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения воспроизведение правомерно обнародованного произведения исключительно в личных целях.
2. Положение пункта 1 настоящей статьи не применяется в отношении:
1) воспроизведения произведений архитектуры в форме зданий и аналогичных сооружений;
2) воспроизведения баз данных или существенных частей из них;
3) воспроизведения программ для ЭВМ, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных статьей 24 настоящего Закона;
4) репродуцирования книг (полностью) и нотных текстов.

Статья 19. Свободное использование произведения в целях образования, науки, критики и информации
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования:
1) цитирование в оригинале и в переводе в научных, исследовательских, полемических, критических и информационных целях из правомерно обнародованных произведений в объеме, оправданном целью цитирования;
2) использование правомерно обнародованных произведений и отрывков из них в качестве иллюстраций в изданиях, в радио- и телепередачах, звуко- и видеозаписях учебного характера в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью;

Статья 20. Свободное воспроизведение произведений библиотеками и архивами
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования репродуцирование в единичном экземпляре без извлечения прибыли:
1) правомерно опубликованного произведения библиотеками и архивами для восстановления, замены утраченных или испорченных экземпляров произведения и для предоставления экземпляров произведения другим библиотекам, утратившим по каким-либо причинам произведения из своих фондов;
2) отдельных статей и малообъемных произведений, правомерно опубликованных в сборниках, газетах и других периодических изданиях, коротких отрывков из правомерно опубликованных письменных произведений (с иллюстрациями или без иллюстраций) библиотеками и архивами по запросам физических лиц в учебных и исследовательских целях.

Статья 21. Свободное репродуцирование
1. Допускается без согласия автора или иного правообладателя и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования репродуцирование в единичном экземпляре без извлечения прибыли:
1) правомерно опубликованного произведения библиотеками и архивами для восстановления, замены утраченных или испорченных экземпляров и для предоставления экземпляров произведения другим библиотекам, утратившим по каким-либо причинам произведения из своих фондов;
2) отдельных статей и малообъемных произведений, правомерно опубликованных в сборниках, газетах и других периодических изданиях, коротких отрывков из правомерно опубликованных письменных произведений (с иллюстрациями или без иллюстраций) библиотеками и архивами по запросам физических лиц в учебных и исследовательских целях;
3) правомерно опубликованного произведения образовательными организациями для аудиторных занятий.

English rendering

[Unofficial translation]: Article 18. Reproduction of a work for personal purposes
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of author's remuneration, to reproduce a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes.
2. The provision of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to:
1) reproduction of works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures;
2) reproduction of databases or substantial parts thereof;
3) reproduction of computer programs, except as provided in Article 24 of this Law;
4) reprographic reproduction of books (in their entirety) and musical scores.

Article 19. Free use of a work for purposes of education, science, criticism and information
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of author's remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used and the source of borrowing:
1) quotation in the original and in translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes from lawfully disclosed works to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation;
2) use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts therefrom as illustrations in publications, radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the purpose;

Article 20. Free reproduction of works by libraries and archives
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of author's remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used and the source of borrowing, reprographic reproduction in a single copy without profit:
1) of a lawfully published work by libraries and archives for restoration, replacement of lost or damaged copies and for providing copies to other libraries that have lost works from their collections;
2) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodicals, short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) by libraries and archives at the request of natural persons for educational and research purposes.

Article 21. Free reprographic reproduction
1. It shall be permitted, without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of author's remuneration, but with obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used and the source of borrowing, reprographic reproduction in a single copy without profit:
1) of a lawfully published work by libraries and archives for restoration, replacement of lost or damaged copies and for providing copies to other libraries;
2) of individual articles and small-volume works, short excerpts from lawfully published written works by libraries and archives at the request of natural persons for educational and research purposes;
3) of a lawfully published work by educational organizations for classroom instruction.

Source links

• Official text ↗