Selected year snapshot
For 1999, the active event in this file is Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique.
60%
Current rationale
The Comoros inherited the French Law of March 11, 1957 on Literary and Artistic Property upon independence. This law remained in force as the applicable copyright law. The most research-relevant exception is Article 41(2), which permits copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use. This is a private-use exception: it covers reproduction (not sharing/communication), applies to all works, but is restricted to the individual copier ('usage privé du copiste'). Article 41(3) permits short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the work — but this is limited to short quotations, not full-work reproduction, so it would be RED standing alone. Article 41(4) permits analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the incorporating work. There is no general fair use, fair dealing, or open research exception. There is no TDM exception. There is no library/institutional exception for research. The most permissive exception for research use involving full-work reproduction is the private-use exception (Art. 41(2)), which is LIGHT BLUE: it permits reproduction of full works by any individual for private use, but restricts the user to private/personal use and does not authorize sharing. Non-commercial restriction and copy limits are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use
Analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated
Press reviews
Law changes
Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique
Baseline · Effective 1957-03-11
60%
Relevant section: Articles 41, 41(2)
Dates: Effective 1957-03-11 · Enacted 1957-03-11
Why this score
The Comoros inherited the French Law of March 11, 1957 on Literary and Artistic Property upon independence. This law remained in force as the applicable copyright law. The most research-relevant exception is Article 41(2), which permits copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use. This is a private-use exception: it covers reproduction (not sharing/communication), applies to all works, but is restricted to the individual copier ('usage privé du copiste'). Article 41(3) permits short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the work — but this is limited to short quotations, not full-work reproduction, so it would be RED standing alone. Article 41(4) permits analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the incorporating work. There is no general fair use, fair dealing, or open research exception. There is no TDM exception. There is no library/institutional exception for research. The most permissive exception for research use involving full-work reproduction is the private-use exception (Art. 41(2)), which is LIGHT BLUE: it permits reproduction of full works by any individual for private use, but restricts the user to private/personal use and does not authorize sharing. Non-commercial restriction and copy limits are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use
Analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated
Press reviews
Original text
Lorsque l'oeuvre a été divulguée, l'auteur ne peut interdire : ... 2° Les copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective ;
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: When the work has been disclosed, the author may not prohibit: ... 2° Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use;
Source links
Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique
Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01
60%
Relevant section: Articles 41, 41(2)
Dates: Effective 2025-01-01
Why this score
As of 2025, the Comoros has not enacted a new comprehensive copyright law to replace the inherited French Law of March 11, 1957. WIPO Lex continues to list this 1957 law as the applicable copyright legislation for the Comoros. The Comoros acceded to the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) on January 25, 2021, with entry into force on April 25, 2021, but this treaty accession does not itself create new domestic exceptions — it is an international obligation. No national implementing legislation creating new exceptions (such as TDM, library/institutional, or broader research exceptions) has been identified. The exception landscape remains the same as the baseline: the most permissive research-relevant exception is the private-use exception in Article 41(2), permitting reproduction of full works for the private use of the copier. This covers reproduction only (not sharing/communication), applies to all types of works, but is restricted to private/individual use. No fair use, fair dealing, general research, TDM, or institutional exception exists. Classification remains LIGHT BLUE. The quotation exception (Art. 41(3)) remains limited to short quotations and is RED standing alone. Non-commercial restriction is classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use
Analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, educational, scientific, or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated
Press reviews
Original text
Lorsque l'oeuvre a été divulguée, l'auteur ne peut interdire : ... 2° Les copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective ;
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: When the work has been disclosed, the author may not prohibit: ... 2° Copies or reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use;