Selected year snapshot
For 2014, the active event in this file is Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в редакции Закона от 6 ноября 1999 года № 120).
20%
Current rationale
The 1999 amendment (Law No. 120 of November 6, 1999) amended the 1998 Copyright Law. Based on the WIPO Lex record, this amendment modified the law but the full text of the amended exception provisions could not be retrieved to determine whether Articles 18-22 were substantively changed. The classification remains ORANGE based on the assumption that the core structure of the personal use exception (Art. 18) with work-type exclusions (Art. 23) and the library/quotation exceptions remained substantively similar. If the 1999 amendment did not change the exception provisions, the status remains the same as the 1998 baseline.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction for personal purposes with Art. 23 exclusions (assumed unchanged from 1998)
Quotation for scientific/research purposes (assumed unchanged)
Library reprographic reproduction of articles/short excerpts for research (assumed unchanged)
Law changes
Baseline
Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01
?
Dates: Effective 1990-01-01
Why this score
Kyrgyzstan was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. On 1990-01-01, the applicable copyright law would have been the Soviet Civil Code (specifically the 1961 Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, and the Kirghiz SSR Civil Code). I was unable to retrieve and verify the actual text of the Kirghiz SSR Civil Code provisions on copyright exceptions as in force on 1990-01-01 via web search. Soviet copyright law generally included provisions for personal use and quotation, but without verified statutory text, the classification must be AMBIGUOUS.
Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» от 14 января 1998 года № 6
Relevant update · Effective 1998-01-14
60%
Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20, 21, 22
Dates: Effective 1998-01-14 · Enacted 1998-01-14
Why this score
The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18, which permits reproduction of a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes (личных целях). This covers reproduction of full works by any individual for personal purposes, which includes private study and personal research. However, it is limited to 'personal purposes' (i.e., private/individual use only) and covers only reproduction, not sharing or communication. Article 19(1) permits quotation for scientific and research purposes but only to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation — this is a quotation exception, not a full-work reproduction right. Article 20(2) permits libraries and archives to make reprographic copies of individual articles and short excerpts for research purposes — this is limited to institutions and to partial works only. Article 18 is the most permissive because it allows reproduction of full works, but it is restricted to personal/private use. The non-commercial restriction and single-copy norms are classification-neutral. Article 23 excludes certain works from Article 18 (computer programs, databases, etc.), which would suggest ORANGE, but I need to verify Article 23's scope. Based on the standard Russian-model copyright law, Article 23 typically restricts personal reproduction of computer programs, databases, architectural works, and reprographic reproduction of books and musical scores in full. Since Article 18 excludes works listed in Article 23, the personal use exception does not cover all types of works. However, the exclusions in Article 23 carve out specific categories while still permitting full reproduction of most literary, artistic, and other works. This means full-work reproduction is available for most work types but not all. The combination of personal-use restriction (LIGHT BLUE) and work-type exclusions (ORANGE) means the most restrictive element applies. Since the personal-use qualifier restricts users (LIGHT BLUE) and the work exclusions restrict works (ORANGE), and ORANGE is more restrictive than LIGHT BLUE in the hierarchy, the classification should be ORANGE. However, re-examining: LIGHT BLUE is less permissive than ORANGE in the color hierarchy (GREEN > BLUE > LIGHT BLUE > PURPLE > ORANGE > RED). Wait — the hierarchy ranks LIGHT BLUE as MORE restrictive than BLUE but LESS restrictive than PURPLE. Let me re-read: GREEN > BLUE > LIGHT BLUE > PURPLE > ORANGE > RED. So LIGHT BLUE is more permissive than PURPLE, which is more permissive than ORANGE. The compound restriction rule says classify according to the most restrictive element. Personal use = LIGHT BLUE dimension; work exclusions = ORANGE dimension. ORANGE is more restrictive than LIGHT BLUE. So the classification should be ORANGE. But wait — the compound restriction rule applies within a single exception. Article 18 itself says 'except in cases provided for in Article 23.' If Article 23 excludes computer programs, databases, books in full reprographic reproduction, and musical notation — these are specific work-type exclusions within the personal use exception. So Article 18 with Article 23 exclusions = personal use (LIGHT BLUE user restriction) + work exclusions (ORANGE work restriction). Most restrictive = ORANGE. Final classification: ORANGE.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, except works listed in Art. 23 (computer programs, databases, and certain reprographic restrictions on books/scores)
Quotation in original and translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes to the extent justified by the purpose
Use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications, broadcasts, recordings to the extent justified by the purpose
Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives of individual articles and short excerpts from published written works at request of natural persons for educational and research purposes, single copy, no profit
Reprographic reproduction by educational institutions of individual articles and short excerpts for classroom use, single copy, no profit
Original text
Статья 18. Воспроизведение произведения в личных целях Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения воспроизведение правомерно обнародованного произведения исключительно в личных целях, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных статьей 23 настоящего Закона. Статья 19. Использование произведения без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования: 1) цитирование в оригинале и в переводе в научных, исследовательских, полемических, критических и информационных целях из правомерно обнародованных произведений в объеме, оправданном целью цитирования; 2) использование правомерно обнародованных произведений и отрывков из них в качестве иллюстраций в изданиях, в радио- и телепередачах, звуко- и видеозаписях учебного характера в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью; 3) воспроизведение в газетах, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю для всеобщего сведения правомерно опубликованных в газетах или журналах статей по текущим экономическим, политическим, социальным и религиозным вопросам или переданных в эфир произведений такого же характера в случаях, когда такое воспроизведение, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю не были специально запрещены автором; 4) воспроизведение в газетах, передача в эфир или сообщение по кабелю для всеобщего сведения публично произнесенных политических речей, обращений, докладов и других аналогичных произведений в объеме, оправданном информационной целью; 5) воспроизведение или сообщение для всеобщего сведения в обзорах текущих событий средствами фотографии, путем передачи в эфир или сообщения для всеобщего сведения по кабелю произведений, которые становятся увиденными или услышанными в ходе таких событий, в объеме, оправданном информационной целью; 6) воспроизведение правомерно обнародованных произведений без извлечения прибыли рельефно-точечным шрифтом или другими специальными способами для слепых, кроме произведений, специально созданных для таких способов воспроизведения. Статья 20. Использование произведения путем репродуцирования Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования репродуцирование в единичном экземпляре без извлечения прибыли: 1) правомерно опубликованного произведения библиотеками и архивами для восстановления, замены утраченных или испорченных экземпляров, предоставления экземпляров произведения другим библиотекам, утратившим по каким-либо причинам произведения из своих фондов; 2) отдельных статей и малообъемных произведений, правомерно опубликованных в сборниках, газетах и других периодических изданиях, коротких отрывков из правомерно опубликованных письменных произведений (с иллюстрациями или без иллюстраций) библиотеками и архивами по запросам физических лиц в учебных и исследовательских целях; 3) отдельных статей и малообъемных произведений, правомерно опубликованных в сборниках, газетах и других периодических изданиях, коротких отрывков из правомерно опубликованных письменных произведений (с иллюстрациями или без иллюстраций) образовательными учреждениями для аудиторных занятий. Статья 21. Свободное использование произведений, постоянно расположенных в местах, открытых для свободного посещения Статья 22. Свободное публичное исполнение
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 18. Reproduction of a work for personal purposes It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration to reproduce a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, except in cases provided for in Article 23 of this Law. Article 19. Use of a work without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration, but with mandatory indication of the author's name and the source of borrowing: 1) quotation in the original and in translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes from lawfully disclosed works to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation; 2) use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts from them as illustrations in publications, in radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the stated purpose; 3) reproduction in newspapers, broadcasting or cable communication for general information of lawfully published newspaper or journal articles on current economic, political, social and religious issues or broadcast works of the same character, in cases where such reproduction, broadcasting or cable communication was not specifically prohibited by the author; 4) reproduction in newspapers, broadcasting or cable communication for general information of publicly delivered political speeches, addresses, reports and other similar works to the extent justified by the informational purpose; 5) reproduction or communication for general information in reviews of current events by means of photography, broadcasting or cable communication of works that become seen or heard in the course of such events, to the extent justified by the informational purpose; 6) reproduction of lawfully disclosed works without profit in raised-dot script or other special methods for the blind, except works specially created for such methods of reproduction. Article 20. Use of a work by reprographic reproduction It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration, but with mandatory indication of the author's name and the source, reprographic reproduction in a single copy without profit: 1) of a lawfully published work by libraries and archives for restoration, replacement of lost or damaged copies, provision of copies to other libraries that have lost works from their collections; 2) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodicals, short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) by libraries and archives at the request of natural persons for educational and research purposes; 3) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodicals, short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) by educational institutions for classroom use.
Source links
Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в редакции Закона от 6 ноября 1999 года № 120)
Relevant update · Effective 1999-11-06
20%
Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20
Dates: Effective 1999-11-06 · Enacted 1999-11-06
Why this score
The 1999 amendment (Law No. 120 of November 6, 1999) amended the 1998 Copyright Law. Based on the WIPO Lex record, this amendment modified the law but the full text of the amended exception provisions could not be retrieved to determine whether Articles 18-22 were substantively changed. The classification remains ORANGE based on the assumption that the core structure of the personal use exception (Art. 18) with work-type exclusions (Art. 23) and the library/quotation exceptions remained substantively similar. If the 1999 amendment did not change the exception provisions, the status remains the same as the 1998 baseline.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction for personal purposes with Art. 23 exclusions (assumed unchanged from 1998)
Quotation for scientific/research purposes (assumed unchanged)
Library reprographic reproduction of articles/short excerpts for research (assumed unchanged)
Source links
Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в действующей редакции)
Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01
20%
Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Dates: Effective 2025-01-01
Why this score
As of 2025, the Kyrgyz Law on Copyright and Related Rights remains in force with the same basic structure of exceptions. The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18 (personal reproduction of lawfully disclosed works), but Article 23 excludes: (1) architectural works in building form, (2) databases or substantial parts, (3) computer programs, and (4) books in full and musical scores by reprographic reproduction. This means full-work reproduction is permitted for personal purposes for many categories of works (e.g., articles, short literary works, audiovisual works, photographs, musical recordings) but NOT for books in full (by reprography), databases, computer programs, or architectural works. This is a clear ORANGE classification: full-work reproduction is available for some types of works but specific categories are excluded. The personal-use restriction (LIGHT BLUE dimension) is less restrictive than the work-type exclusion (ORANGE dimension) in the hierarchy, so ORANGE governs. Article 19(1) quotation for research is limited to excerpts justified by the purpose (RED). Article 20(2) library reproduction for research is limited to articles and short excerpts (RED). No TDM exception exists. No fair use or fair dealing clause exists. No three-step-test enabling clause exists. The non-commercial and single-copy restrictions are classification-neutral and were not factored into the color decision.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding: architectural works as buildings, databases/substantial parts, computer programs, and books in full/musical scores by reprographic reproduction
Quotation in original and translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation
Use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts to the extent justified by the purpose
Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives for restoration/replacement of lost copies and interlibrary supply
Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives of individual articles, small-volume works, and short excerpts at request of natural persons for educational and research purposes, single copy, no profit
Reprographic reproduction by educational institutions of individual articles, small-volume works, and short excerpts for classroom use, single copy, no profit
Original text
Статья 18. Воспроизведение произведения в личных целях Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения воспроизведение правомерно обнародованного произведения исключительно в личных целях, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных статьей 23 настоящего Закона. Статья 19. Использование произведения без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования: 1) цитирование в оригинале и в переводе в научных, исследовательских, полемических, критических и информационных целях из правомерно обнародованных произведений в объеме, оправданном целью цитирования; 2) использование правомерно обнародованных произведений и отрывков из них в качестве иллюстраций в изданиях, в радио- и телепередачах, звуко- и видеозаписях учебного характера в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью; Статья 20. Использование произведения путем репродуцирования Допускается без согласия автора и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения, но с обязательным указанием имени автора, произведение которого используется, и источника заимствования репродуцирование в единичном экземпляре без извлечения прибыли: 2) отдельных статей и малообъемных произведений, правомерно опубликованных в сборниках, газетах и других периодических изданиях, коротких отрывков из правомерно опубликованных письменных произведений (с иллюстрациями или без иллюстраций) библиотеками и архивами по запросам физических лиц в учебных и исследовательских целях; Статья 23. Ограничения воспроизведения произведения в личных целях Без согласия автора или иного обладателя авторских прав и без выплаты авторского вознаграждения не допускается воспроизведение в личных целях: 1) произведений архитектуры в форме зданий и аналогичных сооружений; 2) баз данных или существенных частей из них; 3) программ для ЭВМ, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных статьей 25 настоящего Закона; 4) книг (полностью) и нотных текстов путем репродуцирования.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 18. Reproduction of a work for personal purposes It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration to reproduce a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, except in cases provided for in Article 23 of this Law. Article 19. Use of a work without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration, but with mandatory indication of the author's name and the source: 1) quotation in the original and in translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes from lawfully disclosed works to the extent justified by the purpose of the quotation; 2) use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts from them as illustrations in publications, in radio and television broadcasts, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the stated purpose; Article 20. Use of a work by reprographic reproduction It is permitted without the consent of the author and without payment of remuneration, but with mandatory indication of the author's name and the source, reprographic reproduction in a single copy without profit: 2) of individual articles and small-volume works lawfully published in collections, newspapers and other periodicals, short excerpts from lawfully published written works (with or without illustrations) by libraries and archives at the request of natural persons for educational and research purposes; Article 23. Limitations on reproduction of a work for personal purposes Without the consent of the author or other copyright holder and without payment of remuneration, reproduction for personal purposes is NOT permitted of: 1) works of architecture in the form of buildings and similar structures; 2) databases or substantial parts thereof; 3) computer programs, except in cases provided for in Article 25 of this Law; 4) books (in full) and musical scores by reprographic reproduction.