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Kyrgyzstan

Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в действующей редакции).

Copyright exception history

0%20%40%60%80%100%199019952000200520102015202020251998: 60%1999: 20%2000: 20%2001: 20%2002: 20%2003: 20%2004: 20%2005: 20%2006: 20%2007: 20%2008: 20%2009: 20%2010: 20%2011: 20%2012: 20%2013: 20%2014: 20%2015: 20%2016: 20%2017: 20%2018: 20%2019: 20%2020: 20%2021: 20%2022: 20%2023: 20%2024: 20%2025: 20%YearOpenness score (%)

Selected year snapshot

For 2014, the active event in this file is Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в редакции Закона от 6 ноября 1999 года № 120).

20%

Current rationale

The 1999 amendment (Law No. 120 of November 6, 1999) amended the 1998 Copyright Law. Based on the WIPO Lex record, this amendment modified the law but the full text of the amended exception provisions could not be retrieved to determine whether Articles 18-22 were substantively changed. The classification remains ORANGE based on the assumption that the core structure of the personal use exception (Art. 18) with work-type exclusions (Art. 23) and the library/quotation exceptions remained substantively similar. If the 1999 amendment did not change the exception provisions, the status remains the same as the 1998 baseline.

Exceptions considered

Art. 1820%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction for personal purposes with Art. 23 exclusions (assumed unchanged from 1998)

Art. 19(1)0%Quotation

Quotation for scientific/research purposes (assumed unchanged)

Art. 20(2)0%Library Institutional

Library reprographic reproduction of articles/short excerpts for research (assumed unchanged)

Law changes

Baseline

Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01

?

Dates: Effective 1990-01-01

Why this score

Kyrgyzstan was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. On 1990-01-01, the applicable copyright law would have been the Soviet Civil Code (specifically the 1961 Fundamentals of Civil Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, and the Kirghiz SSR Civil Code). I was unable to retrieve and verify the actual text of the Kirghiz SSR Civil Code provisions on copyright exceptions as in force on 1990-01-01 via web search. Soviet copyright law generally included provisions for personal use and quotation, but without verified statutory text, the classification must be AMBIGUOUS.

Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» от 14 января 1998 года № 6

Relevant update · Effective 1998-01-14

60%

Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20, 21, 22

Dates: Effective 1998-01-14 · Enacted 1998-01-14

Why this score

The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18, which permits reproduction of a lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes (личных целях). This covers reproduction of full works by any individual for personal purposes, which includes private study and personal research. However, it is limited to 'personal purposes' (i.e., private/individual use only) and covers only reproduction, not sharing or communication. Article 19(1) permits quotation for scientific and research purposes but only to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation — this is a quotation exception, not a full-work reproduction right. Article 20(2) permits libraries and archives to make reprographic copies of individual articles and short excerpts for research purposes — this is limited to institutions and to partial works only. Article 18 is the most permissive because it allows reproduction of full works, but it is restricted to personal/private use. The non-commercial restriction and single-copy norms are classification-neutral. Article 23 excludes certain works from Article 18 (computer programs, databases, etc.), which would suggest ORANGE, but I need to verify Article 23's scope. Based on the standard Russian-model copyright law, Article 23 typically restricts personal reproduction of computer programs, databases, architectural works, and reprographic reproduction of books and musical scores in full. Since Article 18 excludes works listed in Article 23, the personal use exception does not cover all types of works. However, the exclusions in Article 23 carve out specific categories while still permitting full reproduction of most literary, artistic, and other works. This means full-work reproduction is available for most work types but not all. The combination of personal-use restriction (LIGHT BLUE) and work-type exclusions (ORANGE) means the most restrictive element applies. Since the personal-use qualifier restricts users (LIGHT BLUE) and the work exclusions restrict works (ORANGE), and ORANGE is more restrictive than LIGHT BLUE in the hierarchy, the classification should be ORANGE. However, re-examining: LIGHT BLUE is less permissive than ORANGE in the color hierarchy (GREEN > BLUE > LIGHT BLUE > PURPLE > ORANGE > RED). Wait — the hierarchy ranks LIGHT BLUE as MORE restrictive than BLUE but LESS restrictive than PURPLE. Let me re-read: GREEN > BLUE > LIGHT BLUE > PURPLE > ORANGE > RED. So LIGHT BLUE is more permissive than PURPLE, which is more permissive than ORANGE. The compound restriction rule says classify according to the most restrictive element. Personal use = LIGHT BLUE dimension; work exclusions = ORANGE dimension. ORANGE is more restrictive than LIGHT BLUE. So the classification should be ORANGE. But wait — the compound restriction rule applies within a single exception. Article 18 itself says 'except in cases provided for in Article 23.' If Article 23 excludes computer programs, databases, books in full reprographic reproduction, and musical notation — these are specific work-type exclusions within the personal use exception. So Article 18 with Article 23 exclusions = personal use (LIGHT BLUE user restriction) + work exclusions (ORANGE work restriction). Most restrictive = ORANGE. Final classification: ORANGE.

Exceptions considered

Art. 1820%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction of lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, except works listed in Art. 23 (computer programs, databases, and certain reprographic restrictions on books/scores)

Art. 19(1)0%Quotation

Quotation in original and translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes to the extent justified by the purpose

Art. 19(2)0%Educational

Use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications, broadcasts, recordings to the extent justified by the purpose

Art. 20(2)0%Library Institutional

Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives of individual articles and short excerpts from published written works at request of natural persons for educational and research purposes, single copy, no profit

Art. 20(3)0%Educational

Reprographic reproduction by educational institutions of individual articles and short excerpts for classroom use, single copy, no profit

Original text

English rendering

Source links

Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в редакции Закона от 6 ноября 1999 года № 120)

Relevant update · Effective 1999-11-06

20%

Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20

Dates: Effective 1999-11-06 · Enacted 1999-11-06

Why this score

The 1999 amendment (Law No. 120 of November 6, 1999) amended the 1998 Copyright Law. Based on the WIPO Lex record, this amendment modified the law but the full text of the amended exception provisions could not be retrieved to determine whether Articles 18-22 were substantively changed. The classification remains ORANGE based on the assumption that the core structure of the personal use exception (Art. 18) with work-type exclusions (Art. 23) and the library/quotation exceptions remained substantively similar. If the 1999 amendment did not change the exception provisions, the status remains the same as the 1998 baseline.

Exceptions considered

Art. 1820%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction for personal purposes with Art. 23 exclusions (assumed unchanged from 1998)

Art. 19(1)0%Quotation

Quotation for scientific/research purposes (assumed unchanged)

Art. 20(2)0%Library Institutional

Library reprographic reproduction of articles/short excerpts for research (assumed unchanged)

Source links

Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в действующей редакции)

Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01

20%

Relevant section: Статьи 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23

Dates: Effective 2025-01-01

Why this score

As of 2025, the Kyrgyz Law on Copyright and Related Rights remains in force with the same basic structure of exceptions. The most permissive research-relevant exception is Article 18 (personal reproduction of lawfully disclosed works), but Article 23 excludes: (1) architectural works in building form, (2) databases or substantial parts, (3) computer programs, and (4) books in full and musical scores by reprographic reproduction. This means full-work reproduction is permitted for personal purposes for many categories of works (e.g., articles, short literary works, audiovisual works, photographs, musical recordings) but NOT for books in full (by reprography), databases, computer programs, or architectural works. This is a clear ORANGE classification: full-work reproduction is available for some types of works but specific categories are excluded. The personal-use restriction (LIGHT BLUE dimension) is less restrictive than the work-type exclusion (ORANGE dimension) in the hierarchy, so ORANGE governs. Article 19(1) quotation for research is limited to excerpts justified by the purpose (RED). Article 20(2) library reproduction for research is limited to articles and short excerpts (RED). No TDM exception exists. No fair use or fair dealing clause exists. No three-step-test enabling clause exists. The non-commercial and single-copy restrictions are classification-neutral and were not factored into the color decision.

Exceptions considered

Art. 18 (with Art. 23 exclusions)20%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction of lawfully disclosed work exclusively for personal purposes, excluding: architectural works as buildings, databases/substantial parts, computer programs, and books in full/musical scores by reprographic reproduction

Art. 19(1)0%Quotation

Quotation in original and translation for scientific, research, polemical, critical and informational purposes to the extent justified by the purpose of quotation

Art. 19(2)0%Educational

Use of lawfully disclosed works and excerpts as illustrations in educational publications/broadcasts to the extent justified by the purpose

Art. 20(1)40%Library Institutional

Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives for restoration/replacement of lost copies and interlibrary supply

Art. 20(2)0%Library Institutional

Reprographic reproduction by libraries and archives of individual articles, small-volume works, and short excerpts at request of natural persons for educational and research purposes, single copy, no profit

Art. 20(3)0%Educational

Reprographic reproduction by educational institutions of individual articles, small-volume works, and short excerpts for classroom use, single copy, no profit

Original text

English rendering

Source links