Selected year snapshot
For 1993, the active event in this file is Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 – Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio.
60%
Current rationale
As of 1990-01-01, the most permissive research-relevant exceptions are: (1) Art. 68 para 1 permits reproduction of individual works or excerpts for 'personal use of readers' by hand or non-commercial means — this covers full works but is restricted to personal/private use by individuals, and does not cover sharing/communication; (2) Art. 68 para 2 permits photocopying by libraries/archives/museums for their own services — institutional only; (3) Art. 70 permits quotation/reproduction of 'passages or parts' for criticism, discussion, teaching — limited to excerpts, not full works. The most permissive exception for research is Art. 68 para 1, which allows reproduction of full works but only for personal use. This maps to LIGHT BLUE (reproduction of full works, restricted to individuals/personal use, no sharing). Non-commercial restriction is classification-neutral. Art. 70 is RED on its own (excerpts only). Art. 68 para 2 is PURPLE on its own (institutional only). Art. 68 para 1 is the most permissive at LIGHT BLUE.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-commercial reproduction means
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services, without economic advantage
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts of a work for criticism, discussion, teaching — limited to excerpts
Free reproduction of articles on current economic, political, religious topics in other newspapers/periodicals, unless expressly reserved
Law changes
Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 – Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio
Baseline · Effective 1990-01-01
60%
Relevant section: Art. 65, Art. 68, Art. 70
Dates: Effective 1990-01-01 · Enacted 1941-04-22
Why this score
As of 1990-01-01, the most permissive research-relevant exceptions are: (1) Art. 68 para 1 permits reproduction of individual works or excerpts for 'personal use of readers' by hand or non-commercial means — this covers full works but is restricted to personal/private use by individuals, and does not cover sharing/communication; (2) Art. 68 para 2 permits photocopying by libraries/archives/museums for their own services — institutional only; (3) Art. 70 permits quotation/reproduction of 'passages or parts' for criticism, discussion, teaching — limited to excerpts, not full works. The most permissive exception for research is Art. 68 para 1, which allows reproduction of full works but only for personal use. This maps to LIGHT BLUE (reproduction of full works, restricted to individuals/personal use, no sharing). Non-commercial restriction is classification-neutral. Art. 70 is RED on its own (excerpts only). Art. 68 para 2 is PURPLE on its own (institutional only). Art. 68 para 1 is the most permissive at LIGHT BLUE.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-commercial reproduction means
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services, without economic advantage
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts of a work for criticism, discussion, teaching — limited to excerpts
Free reproduction of articles on current economic, political, religious topics in other newspapers/periodicals, unless expressly reserved
Original text
Art. 68. – È libera la riproduzione di singole opere o brani di opere per uso personale dei lettori, fatta a mano o con mezzi di riproduzione non idonei a spaccio o diffusione dell'opera nel pubblico. È libera la fotocopia di opere esistenti nelle biblioteche accessibili al pubblico o in quelle scolastiche, nei musei pubblici o negli archivi pubblici, effettuata dai predetti organismi per i propri servizi, senza alcun vantaggio economico o commerciale diretto o indiretto. Art. 70. – Il riassunto, la citazione o la riproduzione di brani o di parti di opera per scopi di critica, di discussione ed anche di insegnamento, sono liberi nei limiti giustificati da tali finalità e purché non costituiscano concorrenza all'utilizzazione economica dell'opera.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 68. – The reproduction of individual works or excerpts of works for the personal use of readers, made by hand or by means of reproduction not suitable for the distribution or dissemination of the work to the public, is free. The photocopying of works held in libraries accessible to the public or in school libraries, in public museums or in public archives, carried out by such bodies for their own services, without any direct or indirect economic or commercial advantage, is free. Art. 70. – The summary, quotation or reproduction of passages or parts of a work for purposes of criticism, discussion and also of teaching are free within the limits justified by such purposes and provided they do not constitute competition with the economic exploitation of the work.
Source links
Legge 18 agosto 2000, n. 248 – Nuove norme di tutela del diritto di autore
Relevant update · Effective 2000-09-18
20%
Relevant section: Art. 68 (as amended)
Dates: Effective 2000-09-18 · Enacted 2000-08-18
Why this score
Law 248/2000 significantly amended Art. 68 by adding paragraphs 3-5. The new paragraph 3 introduced a 15% cap on photocopying for personal use AND explicitly excluded musical scores and sheet music from the photocopying exception. Paragraph 1 (reproduction by hand or non-commercial means for personal use of full works) remained in force. However, the new paragraph 3 created a specific regime for photocopying that caps it at 15% and excludes musical scores. The interaction between para 1 and para 3 is important: para 1 still permits reproduction of full works by hand or non-commercial means, but para 3 specifically governs photocopying/xerocopying and limits it to 15%. For photocopying (the primary practical means of reproduction), the exception now excludes musical scores entirely and caps at 15%. Art. 68 para 1 still permits full-work reproduction by hand/non-commercial means for personal use. This means full-work reproduction is still available for personal use (via non-photocopying means), but musical scores are excluded from the photocopying regime. The most permissive reading is that Art. 68 para 1 still allows full-work reproduction for personal use (LIGHT BLUE), but the practical narrowing via para 3 and the explicit exclusion of musical scores from photocopying introduces a work-type restriction for the most common reproduction method. Given that Art. 68 para 1 still permits full-work reproduction by non-photocopying means for all work types, the overall classification remains LIGHT BLUE for the broadest exception. However, the explicit exclusion of musical scores from the photocopying exception (para 3) means that for photocopying specifically, this is ORANGE. Since Art. 68 para 1 still covers full works for personal use without work-type exclusion (albeit limited to non-photocopying means), the most permissive exception remains LIGHT BLUE. On reflection, Art. 68 para 1 covers reproduction 'by hand or by means not suitable for distribution' — this is quite narrow in practical terms. The 15% cap in para 3 for photocopying is the primary practical mechanism. Given the 15% cap applies to photocopying and the exclusion of musical scores, and that para 1 is limited to hand-copying or non-distribution means, the practical effect is that for the most common reproduction method, full-work reproduction is not permitted and musical scores are excluded. Classifying as ORANGE because the photocopying exception (the primary practical mechanism) excludes musical scores — a specific category of works — while still permitting reproduction of other work types (albeit capped at 15% per volume). Actually, the 15% cap means no full-work reproduction via photocopying for ANY work type. Art. 68 para 1 still permits full-work reproduction by hand or non-distribution means. This is still LIGHT BLUE for Art. 68 para 1. The overall classification is LIGHT BLUE based on Art. 68 para 1 remaining in force.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-commercial reproduction means not suitable for distribution
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services
Photocopying for personal use limited to 15% of each volume/periodical, excluding musical scores
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts for criticism, discussion, teaching
Free reproduction of articles on current topics in other newspapers/periodicals
Original text
Art. 68. – 1. È libera la riproduzione di singole opere o brani di opere per uso personale dei lettori, fatta a mano o con mezzi di riproduzione non idonei a spaccio o diffusione dell'opera nel pubblico. 2. È libera la fotocopia di opere esistenti nelle biblioteche accessibili al pubblico o in quelle scolastiche, nei musei pubblici o negli archivi pubblici, effettuata dai predetti organismi per i propri servizi, senza alcun vantaggio economico o commerciale diretto o indiretto. 3. Fermo restando il divieto di riproduzione di spartiti e partiture musicali, è consentita, nei limiti del quindici per cento di ciascun volume o fascicolo di periodico, escluse le pagine di pubblicità, la riproduzione per uso personale di opere dell'ingegno effettuata mediante fotocopia, xerocopia o sistema analogo. 4. I responsabili dei punti o centri di riproduzione, i quali utilizzino nel proprio ambito o mettano a disposizione di terzi, anche gratuitamente, apparecchi per fotocopia, xerocopia o analogo sistema di riproduzione, devono corrispondere un compenso agli autori ed agli editori delle opere dell'ingegno pubblicate per le stampe che mediante tali apparecchi vengono riprodotte per uso personale di cui al comma 3.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 68. – 1. The reproduction of individual works or excerpts of works for the personal use of readers, made by hand or by means of reproduction not suitable for the distribution or dissemination of the work to the public, is free. 2. The photocopying of works held in libraries accessible to the public or in school libraries, in public museums or in public archives, carried out by such bodies for their own services, without any direct or indirect economic or commercial advantage, is free. 3. Without prejudice to the prohibition on the reproduction of musical scores and sheet music, the reproduction for personal use of works of the intellect by means of photocopying, xerocopying or similar system is permitted within the limit of 15 percent of each volume or periodical issue, excluding advertising pages. 4. Those responsible for reproduction points or centres who use or make available to third parties, even free of charge, photocopying, xerocopying or similar reproduction equipment, must pay compensation to the authors and publishers of works of the intellect published in print that are reproduced for personal use as referred to in paragraph 3.
Source links
Decreto Legislativo 9 aprile 2003, n. 68 – Attuazione della direttiva 2001/29/CE sull'armonizzazione di taluni aspetti del diritto d'autore e dei diritti connessi nella società dell'informazione
Relevant update · Effective 2003-04-29
60%
Relevant section: Art. 71-sexies, Art. 71-ter, Art. 71-bis
Dates: Effective 2003-04-29 · Enacted 2003-04-09
Why this score
D.Lgs. 68/2003 transposed EU Directive 2001/29/EC (InfoSoc Directive) into Italian law. Key changes: (1) Art. 71-sexies introduced a new private copying exception for phonograms and videograms for exclusively personal use by natural persons — this is narrower than Art. 68 para 1 in some respects (limited to phonograms/videograms) but broader in that it covers digital reproduction; (2) Art. 71-ter introduced a dedicated-terminal exception for libraries, educational institutions, museums, and archives — communication/making available for research or private study, but ONLY on dedicated terminals on the premises of the institution. Per the instructions, on-premises terminal-only access is insufficient for PURPLE classification. Art. 68 para 1 (reproduction of individual works for personal use by hand or non-distribution means) remained in force. The most permissive exception remains Art. 68 para 1 at LIGHT BLUE. Art. 71-ter is very narrow (on-premises terminals only). Art. 71-sexies is limited to phonograms/videograms for personal use.
Exceptions considered
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-distribution means
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services
Photocopying for personal use limited to 15% of each volume/periodical, excluding musical scores
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts for criticism, discussion, teaching
Private reproduction of phonograms and videograms for exclusively personal use by natural persons
Communication/making available on dedicated terminals in libraries, educational institutions, museums, archives for research or private study
Free reproduction of articles on current topics in other newspapers/periodicals
Original text
Art. 71-sexies. – 1. È consentita la riproduzione privata di fonogrammi e videogrammi su qualsiasi supporto, effettuata da una persona fisica per uso esclusivamente personale, purché senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali, nel rispetto delle misure tecnologiche di cui all'articolo 102-quater. 2. La riproduzione di cui al comma 1 non può essere effettuata da terzi. 3. La disposizione di cui al comma 1 non si applica alle opere o ai materiali protetti messi a disposizione del pubblico in modo che ciascuno possa avervi accesso dal luogo e nel momento scelti individualmente, quando l'opera è protetta dalle misure tecnologiche di cui all'articolo 102-quater ovvero quando l'accesso è consentito sulla base di accordi contrattuali. Art. 71-ter. – 1. È libera la comunicazione o la messa a disposizione destinata a singoli individui, a scopo di ricerca o di attività privata di studio, su terminali aventi tale unica funzione situati nei locali delle biblioteche accessibili al pubblico, degli istituti di istruzione, nei musei e negli archivi, di opere o di altri materiali contenuti nelle loro collezioni e non soggetti a vincoli derivanti da atti di cessione o da licenza.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 71-sexies. – 1. Private reproduction of phonograms and videograms on any medium, made by a natural person for exclusively personal use, is permitted provided it is without profit motive and without directly or indirectly commercial purposes, in compliance with the technological measures referred to in Article 102-quater. 2. The reproduction referred to in paragraph 1 may not be carried out by third parties. 3. The provision of paragraph 1 does not apply to works or protected materials made available to the public in such a way that each person can access them from a place and at a time individually chosen, where the work is protected by the technological measures referred to in Article 102-quater or where access is permitted on the basis of contractual agreements. Art. 71-ter. – 1. The communication or making available to individual persons, for the purpose of research or private study, on terminals having such sole function located on the premises of libraries accessible to the public, educational institutions, museums and archives, of works or other materials contained in their collections and not subject to restrictions deriving from acts of assignment or licensing, is free.
Source links
Decreto Legislativo 8 novembre 2021, n. 177 – Attuazione della direttiva (UE) 2019/790 sul diritto d'autore e sui diritti connessi nel mercato unico digitale
Relevant update · Effective 2021-12-12
100%
Relevant section: Art. 70-ter, Art. 70-quater
Dates: Effective 2021-12-12 · Enacted 2021-11-08
Why this score
D.Lgs. 177/2021 transposed EU Directive 2019/790 (CDSM Directive) into Italian law, introducing two new TDM exceptions. Art. 70-ter permits research organisations and cultural heritage institutions to make reproductions AND communication to the public of research results (when expressed in new original works) for scientific research TDM purposes. This covers both reproduction and communication/sharing, but is limited to specific institutional beneficiaries. Art. 70-quater permits ANY user to make reproductions and extractions for TDM purposes (subject to opt-out by rights holders), but covers only reproduction, not communication. Evaluating all exceptions in force: (1) Art. 70-ter: covers reproduction + communication to public, but limited to research organisations and cultural heritage institutions — this is PURPLE on users but GREEN on uses (reproduction + communication). Since it restricts users to institutions, it would be PURPLE individually. (2) Art. 70-quater: covers reproduction for TDM by any user (subject to opt-out), all works — this is BLUE individually (reproduction only, any user, any work, but no communication). (3) Art. 68 para 1: LIGHT BLUE (personal use, full works, no sharing). (4) Art. 70: RED (excerpts only). The most permissive exception is Art. 70-ter, which permits both reproduction AND communication to the public for research purposes. Although limited to research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, the communication right makes it more permissive than Art. 70-quater on the 'uses' dimension. However, Art. 70-ter restricts users (PURPLE dimension) while Art. 70-quater is open to all users but restricts uses to reproduction only (BLUE dimension). Comparing: Art. 70-quater = BLUE (any user, any work, reproduction only). Art. 70-ter = covers reproduction + communication but institutional only. Per the hierarchy, BLUE (any user, reproduction only) is more permissive than PURPLE (institutional, reproduction + communication). The most permissive single exception for a general researcher is Art. 70-quater at BLUE. However, for institutional researchers, Art. 70-ter provides GREEN-level access (reproduction + communication). Since the instructions say to classify based on the most permissive exception available, and Art. 70-ter provides reproduction + communication for research organisations (which includes university researchers), and the opt-out in Art. 70-quater does not apply to Art. 70-ter, the combination means: research organisations get GREEN-level access via Art. 70-ter. The question is whether restricting to 'research organisations and cultural heritage institutions' makes this PURPLE rather than GREEN. Per the color definitions, GREEN requires that sharing is permitted 'without restricting the beneficiary class to specific institutions only.' Art. 70-ter does restrict to institutions. Therefore Art. 70-ter individually is PURPLE (with communication). Art. 70-quater individually is BLUE (any user, reproduction only). BLUE > PURPLE in the hierarchy. Therefore the overall classification is BLUE based on Art. 70-quater being the most permissive exception available to any user. Wait — re-reading the color definitions more carefully: GREEN requires reproduction + sharing open to any user. BLUE requires reproduction open to any user but no sharing. Art. 70-quater = reproduction for TDM by any user = BLUE. Art. 70-ter = reproduction + communication but institutional only. The most permissive for any user is BLUE (Art. 70-quater). Actually, I need to reconsider. Art. 70-ter explicitly permits 'communication to the public of the results of research when such results are expressed in new and original works.' This is communication of research results in new original works — this is essentially the right to publish derivative/transformative research outputs, not communication of the original copied works. The reproduction right in Art. 70-ter covers the TDM reproduction itself. The communication right covers publishing results. For the original works being mined, only reproduction is permitted. So Art. 70-ter for the original works = reproduction only + institutional = PURPLE. For research outputs = communication permitted but these are new original works. This doesn't change the classification for the copied works themselves. Overall: BLUE based on Art. 70-quater (any user, any work, reproduction for TDM, subject to opt-out). The opt-out is classification-neutral per the instructions (it's analogous to a contractual/licensing condition). Actually, the opt-out in Art. 70-quater is a significant restriction — rights holders can expressly reserve their rights and block TDM. This is not merely a 'lawful access' requirement or 'contractual override protection' — it's a substantive limitation that means the exception doesn't apply when rights holders opt out. However, per the classification-neutral factors, 'contract-override protections' don't change the color. The opt-out is the inverse — it allows contractual override OF the exception. This is different. But the instructions say to classify based on the face of the statute. The exception exists and permits reproduction for TDM; the opt-out is a condition. I'll classify as BLUE. On further reflection, the overall status should be BLUE.
Exceptions considered
Reproductions and extractions for TDM purposes by any user from lawfully accessed works, subject to rights holder opt-out
Reproductions by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions for scientific research TDM, plus communication to public of results in new original works
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-distribution means
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services
Photocopying for personal use limited to 15% of each volume/periodical, excluding musical scores
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts for criticism, discussion, teaching
Private reproduction of phonograms and videograms for exclusively personal use
Communication/making available on dedicated terminals in libraries, educational institutions, museums, archives for research or private study
Original text
Art. 70-ter. – 1. Gli organismi di ricerca e gli istituti di tutela del patrimonio culturale, al fine di effettuare, per scopi di ricerca scientifica, estrazione di testo e di dati da opere o da altri materiali disponibili in reti o banche di dati cui essi hanno lecitamente accesso, possono effettuare riproduzioni e comunicazione al pubblico dei risultati della ricerca quando tali risultati siano espressi in opere nuove e originali. 2. Per estrazione di testo e di dati si intende qualsiasi tecnica automatizzata volta ad analizzare grandi quantità di testo, suoni, immagini, dati o metadati in formato digitale al fine di generare informazioni, inclusi modelli, tendenze e correlazioni. 3. Le riproduzioni effettuate ai sensi del comma 1 sono conservate con un adeguato livello di sicurezza e possono essere conservate per scopi di ricerca scientifica, anche al fine della verifica dei risultati della ricerca. 4. I titolari dei diritti possono applicare misure per garantire la sicurezza e l'integrità delle reti e delle banche di dati in cui le opere o gli altri materiali sono ospitati. Tali misure non possono andare al di là di quanto necessario per il perseguimento di tale obiettivo. Art. 70-quater. – 1. Sono consentite le riproduzioni e le estrazioni da opere o da altri materiali cui si ha lecitamente accesso ai fini dell'estrazione di testo e di dati. 2. Le riproduzioni e le estrazioni effettuate ai sensi del comma 1 possono essere conservate per il tempo necessario ai fini dell'estrazione di testo e di dati. 3. Le disposizioni di cui al comma 1 si applicano a condizione che l'utilizzo delle opere e degli altri materiali di cui al medesimo comma 1 non sia stato espressamente riservato dai titolari del diritto d'autore e dei diritti connessi nonché dai titolari delle banche di dati di cui all'articolo 102-bis, comma 3, in modo appropriato, anche attraverso strumenti di lettura automatizzata nel caso di materiali resi pubblicamente disponibili in rete.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 70-ter. – 1. Research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, for the purpose of scientific research, may carry out reproductions and communication to the public of the results of research when such results are expressed in new and original works, for the purpose of extraction of text and data from works or other materials available on networks or databases to which they have lawful access. 2. Text and data mining means any automated technique designed to analyse large amounts of text, sounds, images, data or metadata in digital format to generate information, including patterns, trends and correlations. 3. Reproductions made under paragraph 1 shall be stored with an adequate level of security and may be retained for scientific research purposes, including for the verification of research results. 4. Rights holders may apply measures to ensure the security and integrity of the networks and databases in which the works or other materials are hosted. Such measures may not go beyond what is necessary for the pursuit of that objective. Art. 70-quater. – 1. Reproductions and extractions from works or other materials to which there is lawful access are permitted for the purposes of text and data mining. 2. Reproductions and extractions made under paragraph 1 may be retained for the time necessary for the purposes of text and data mining. 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 apply on condition that the use of the works and other materials referred to in paragraph 1 has not been expressly reserved by the holders of copyright and related rights as well as by the holders of databases referred to in Article 102-bis, paragraph 3, in an appropriate manner, including through machine-readable means in the case of materials made publicly available online.
Source links
Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 – Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio (as amended through D.Lgs. 177/2021)
Current law confirmation · Effective 2025-01-01
80%
Relevant section: Art. 68, Art. 70, Art. 70-ter, Art. 70-quater, Art. 71-ter, Art. 71-sexies
Dates: Effective 2025-01-01
Why this score
As of 2025, the Italian Copyright Law (LdA) contains the following research-relevant exceptions: (1) Art. 70-quater: general TDM exception permitting reproductions and extractions by any user from lawfully accessed works, subject to rights holder opt-out — covers reproduction only, any works, any users = BLUE; (2) Art. 70-ter: TDM for scientific research by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions, including reproduction and communication to public of results in new original works — institutional only = PURPLE; (3) Art. 68 para 1: reproduction of individual works for personal use by hand/non-distribution means = LIGHT BLUE; (4) Art. 68 para 2: library/archive photocopying for own services = PURPLE; (5) Art. 68 para 3: photocopying for personal use capped at 15%, excluding musical scores = RED; (6) Art. 70: quotation/excerpts for criticism, discussion, teaching = RED; (7) Art. 71-ter: on-premises terminal access in libraries etc. for research/study = RED (per instructions, terminal-only is insufficient); (8) Art. 71-sexies: private copying of phonograms/videograms for personal use = ORANGE. The most permissive exception for any user is Art. 70-quater (BLUE): it permits reproduction of any work by any user for TDM, but does not cover communication/sharing. No exception provides both reproduction + communication/sharing open to any user for research. Therefore the overall classification is BLUE. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction, opt-out mechanism, lawful access requirement, storage provisions) were not factored into the color decision.
Exceptions considered
Reproductions and extractions for TDM purposes by any user from lawfully accessed works, subject to rights holder opt-out
Reproductions by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions for scientific research TDM, plus communication to public of results in new original works
Reproduction of individual works or excerpts for personal use of readers, by hand or non-distribution means
Photocopying by libraries, public museums, public archives for their own services
Photocopying for personal use limited to 15% of each volume/periodical, excluding musical scores
Quotation or reproduction of passages or parts for criticism, discussion, teaching
Private reproduction of phonograms and videograms for exclusively personal use by natural persons
Communication/making available on dedicated terminals in libraries, educational institutions, museums, archives for research or private study
Original text
Art. 70-quater. – 1. Sono consentite le riproduzioni e le estrazioni da opere o da altri materiali cui si ha lecitamente accesso ai fini dell'estrazione di testo e di dati. 2. Le riproduzioni e le estrazioni effettuate ai sensi del comma 1 possono essere conservate per il tempo necessario ai fini dell'estrazione di testo e di dati. 3. Le disposizioni di cui al comma 1 si applicano a condizione che l'utilizzo delle opere e degli altri materiali di cui al medesimo comma 1 non sia stato espressamente riservato dai titolari del diritto d'autore e dei diritti connessi nonché dai titolari delle banche di dati di cui all'articolo 102-bis, comma 3, in modo appropriato, anche attraverso strumenti di lettura automatizzata nel caso di materiali resi pubblicamente disponibili in rete.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 70-quater. – 1. Reproductions and extractions from works or other materials to which there is lawful access are permitted for the purposes of text and data mining. 2. Reproductions and extractions made under paragraph 1 may be retained for the time necessary for the purposes of text and data mining. 3. The provisions of paragraph 1 apply on condition that the use of the works and other materials referred to in paragraph 1 has not been expressly reserved by the holders of copyright and related rights as well as by the holders of databases referred to in Article 102-bis, paragraph 3, in an appropriate manner, including through machine-readable means in the case of materials made publicly available online.