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Ecuador

Código Orgánico de la Economía Social de los Conocimientos, Creatividad e Innovación (COESCCI / Código Ingenios).

Copyright exception history

0%20%40%60%80%100%199019952000200520102015202020251998: 0%1999: 0%2000: 0%2001: 0%2002: 0%2003: 0%2004: 0%2005: 0%2006: 0%2007: 0%2008: 0%2009: 0%2010: 0%2011: 0%2012: 0%2013: 0%2014: 0%2015: 0%2016: 60%2017: 60%2018: 60%2019: 60%2020: 60%2021: 60%2022: 60%2023: 60%2024: 60%2025: 60%YearOpenness score (%)

Selected year snapshot

For 1993, the active event in this file is Ley de Derechos de Autor (1976).

?

Current rationale

Ecuador's copyright law in force on 1990-01-01 was the Ley de Derechos de Autor of 1976 (Decreto Supremo No. 610, published in Registro Oficial No. 149 of August 13, 1976). Despite extensive web searching, I was unable to locate the full statutory text of this 1976 law online to verify the specific exceptions and limitations provisions. The law was superseded by the 1998 Intellectual Property Law. Without access to the actual text, I cannot classify the exceptions with confidence. The status is AMBIGUOUS because the statutory text itself could not be retrieved and verified.

Law changes

Ley de Derechos de Autor (1976)

Baseline · Effective 1976-08-13

?

Dates: Effective 1976-08-13 · Enacted 1976-08-13

Why this score

Ecuador's copyright law in force on 1990-01-01 was the Ley de Derechos de Autor of 1976 (Decreto Supremo No. 610, published in Registro Oficial No. 149 of August 13, 1976). Despite extensive web searching, I was unable to locate the full statutory text of this 1976 law online to verify the specific exceptions and limitations provisions. The law was superseded by the 1998 Intellectual Property Law. Without access to the actual text, I cannot classify the exceptions with confidence. The status is AMBIGUOUS because the statutory text itself could not be retrieved and verified.

Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (Ley No. 83 de 1998)

Relevant update · Effective 1998-05-19

0%

Relevant section: Art. 83

Dates: Effective 1998-05-19 · Enacted 1998-05-08

Why this score

Assessment of all research-relevant exceptions in force under the 1998 law:

1. Art. 83(a) - Quotation/citation for research: Permits inclusion of 'fragments' of other works in one's own work for research purposes. This is limited to fragments/excerpts, not full works. This is a quotation-type exception (RED).

2. Art. 83(f) - Library/archive reproduction: Permits reproduction by non-profit libraries/archives only for preservation or replacement purposes. Does not authorize reproduction for research purposes. Not research-relevant in the required sense.

3. Art. 83(g) - Private/personal use: Permits reproduction of 'a work' for personal use by a natural person, single copy, no profit. This appears to permit reproduction of a full work but is restricted to natural persons for private use. This would be LIGHT BLUE.

However, re-examining Art. 83(g) more carefully: it says 'La reproducción de una obra para uso personal y sin fines de lucro, realizada por una persona natural, en un solo ejemplar, para su uso privado y sin fines de lucro.' This permits reproduction of 'a work' (una obra) — seemingly a full work — for personal/private use by a natural person, single copy. This covers all types of works. It does not authorize sharing/communication. It is restricted to individuals (private use). This is LIGHT BLUE.

The most permissive exception for research use is Art. 83(g) (private use, covering full works, any type of work, but limited to individuals and reproduction only). Classification: LIGHT BLUE.

Wait — I need to reconsider. Art. 83(g) does permit full-work reproduction for private use. But I should check whether computer programs are excluded. Art. 30 of the same law addresses computer programs. Reviewing the structure: Art. 28-32 contain special provisions on computer programs. Art. 30 states that the lawful owner of a copy of a computer program may make a single backup copy. The general private use exception in Art. 83(g) may be overridden by the specific provisions for computer programs. However, the question is whether Art. 83(g) explicitly excludes computer programs. Without seeing an explicit exclusion in Art. 83(g) itself, and given that Art. 30 provides a specific (narrower) regime for software, there is an argument that computer programs are carved out from the general private copy exception. This would make it ORANGE (full-work reproduction permitted for most works but not computer programs). However, this interpretation requires inference. On the face of Art. 83(g), it says 'una obra' without exclusion. I will classify as LIGHT BLUE based on the face of the statute, noting the potential software carve-out.

Classification-neutral factors: non-commercial restriction and single-copy limit do not affect the color.

Exceptions considered

Art. 83(a)0%Quotation

Inclusion of fragments of other works in one's own work by way of citation or for analysis, commentary or critical judgment, for teaching or research purposes, to the extent justified by the purpose.

Art. 83(f)40%Library Institutional

Reproduction by non-profit library or archive for preservation or replacement of lost/destroyed copies in permanent collection.

Art. 83(g)60%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction of a work for personal use by a natural person, single copy, for private use and without profit-making purposes.

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Código Orgánico de la Economía Social de los Conocimientos, Creatividad e Innovación (COESCCI / Código Ingenios)

Relevant update · Effective 2016-12-09

60%

Relevant section: Art. 211, Art. 212

Dates: Effective 2016-12-09 · Enacted 2016-12-09

Why this score

The COESCCI (Código Ingenios) replaced the 1998 Ley de Propiedad Intelectual as Ecuador's intellectual property law. It entered into force on December 9, 2016. Assessment of all research-relevant exceptions:

1. Art. 211(1) - Citation/quotation for research: Permits inclusion of 'fragments' of other works for research purposes. Limited to fragments, not full works. RED individually.

2. Art. 211(4) and 211(6) - Library/archive reproduction: Only for preservation/replacement purposes. Not for research lending. PURPLE individually but not research-relevant in the required sense.

3. Art. 211(5) - Private/personal use: Permits reproduction of 'a work' (una obra) for personal use by a natural person, single copy, private use, no profit. This permits full-work reproduction but is restricted to individuals for private use. Does not authorize sharing. LIGHT BLUE.

4. Art. 212(1) - Reprographic reproduction for teaching/exams: Limited to 'articles or brief extracts' and restricted to educational institutions. RED for research purposes (only brief extracts of most works).

5. Art. 212(2) - Reprographic reproduction for private use: Limited to 'brief extracts.' RED individually.

6. Art. 210 - Three-step test: Art. 210 establishes the general conditions (three-step test from Berne) that all exceptions must satisfy. This is a limiting clause, not an enabling clause — it does not independently create any exception.

The most permissive exception remains Art. 211(5) — private/personal use permitting reproduction of a full work by a natural person. This is LIGHT BLUE: full-work reproduction permitted, all types of works, but restricted to individuals for private use, reproduction only (no sharing).

Classification-neutral factors: non-commercial restriction and single-copy limit do not affect the color. The remuneration requirement in Art. 212 does not affect color either.

Exceptions considered

Art. 211(1)0%Quotation

Inclusion of fragments of other works by way of citation or for analysis/commentary/critical judgment, for teaching or research purposes.

Art. 211(4) / Art. 211(6)40%Library Institutional

Reproduction by non-profit library or archive for preservation or replacement of lost/destroyed copies.

Art. 211(5)60%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction of a work for personal use by a natural person, single copy, for private use and without profit-making purposes.

Art. 212(1)0%Educational

Reprographic reproduction for teaching or examinations in educational institutions, of articles or brief extracts, with compensatory remuneration.

Art. 212(2)0%Private Use

Reprographic reproduction of brief extracts for private use of the copier, single copy, with compensatory remuneration.

Art. 2100%Three Step Test

Three-step test: exceptions must not conflict with normal exploitation and must not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holder. This is a limiting condition, not an independent enabling clause.

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Código Orgánico de la Economía Social de los Conocimientos, Creatividad e Innovación (COESCCI / Código Ingenios)

Current law confirmation · Effective 2016-12-09

60%

Relevant section: Art. 211(5), Art. 211(1), Art. 211(4)/(6), Art. 212(1)-(2), Art. 210

Dates: Effective 2016-12-09 · Enacted 2016-12-09

Why this score

As of 2025, the COESCCI (Código Ingenios) of 2016 remains in force as Ecuador's intellectual property law. No subsequent amendments have been identified that modify the exceptions and limitations provisions relevant to research use (Arts. 210-212). The analysis remains the same as the 2016 event:

- Art. 211(5) (private/personal use) is the most permissive exception: it permits reproduction of a full work ('una obra') by a natural person, single copy, for private use. It covers all types of works. It does not authorize sharing/communication. It is restricted to individuals. Classification: LIGHT BLUE.

- Art. 211(1) (citation/quotation for research) is limited to fragments. RED.
- Art. 211(4)/(6) (library preservation) is not for research lending. PURPLE.
- Art. 212(1)-(2) (reprographic reproduction) is limited to brief extracts. RED.
- Art. 210 (three-step test) is a limiting condition, not an enabling clause.

No TDM-specific exception exists in Ecuadorian law as of 2025.

Classification-neutral factors: the non-commercial and single-copy restrictions in Art. 211(5) do not affect the color. The overall classification is LIGHT BLUE.

Exceptions considered

Art. 211(1)0%Quotation

Inclusion of fragments of other works by way of citation or for analysis/commentary/critical judgment, for teaching or research purposes.

Art. 211(4) / Art. 211(6)40%Library Institutional

Reproduction by non-profit library or archive for preservation or replacement of lost/destroyed copies.

Art. 211(5)60%Private UseMost permissive

Reproduction of a work for personal use by a natural person, single copy, for private use and without profit-making purposes.

Art. 212(1)0%Educational

Reprographic reproduction for teaching or examinations in educational institutions, of articles or brief extracts, with compensatory remuneration.

Art. 212(2)0%Private Use

Reprographic reproduction of brief extracts for private use of the copier, single copy, with compensatory remuneration.

Art. 2100%Three Step Test

Three-step test: exceptions must not conflict with normal exploitation and must not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rights holder. Limiting condition, not an independent enabling clause.

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