Selected year snapshot
For 1993, the active event in this file is Ordonnance-Loi n° 86-033 du 5 avril 1986 portant protection des droits d'auteurs et des droits voisins.
60%
Current rationale
As of 2025, the Ordonnance-Loi 86-033 of 5 April 1986 remains the copyright law in force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. No amending legislation affecting the exceptions and limitations provisions (Art. 23) has been identified. The most permissive research-relevant exception remains Art. 23(b), which permits reproductions, translations and adaptations for strictly personal and private use. This covers full works of any type but is restricted to individual private use — no sharing, no institutional use, no communication to the public is authorized under this provision. Art. 23(c) (short quotations for scientific purposes) is limited to excerpts. Art. 23(d) (extracts for teaching illustration) is limited to extracts and to teaching purposes. There is no fair use, fair dealing, general research exception, TDM exception, or library/institutional exception for research. Classification: LIGHT BLUE — full-work reproduction permitted but restricted to private/personal use. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction, lawful publication requirement) were not factored into the color decision.
Exceptions considered
Reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for strictly personal and private use of lawfully published works
Analyses and short quotations justified by critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character
Reproduction or communication to the public of extracts of works for illustration of teaching
Law changes
Ordonnance-Loi n° 86-033 du 5 avril 1986 portant protection des droits d'auteurs et des droits voisins
Baseline · Effective 1986-04-05
60%
Relevant section: Art. 23, Art. 24, Art. 25
Dates: Effective 1986-04-05 · Enacted 1986-04-05
Why this score
The most permissive research-relevant exception is Art. 23(b), which permits reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for 'strictly personal and private use' (usage strictement personnel et privé). This covers reproduction of full works of any type, by any individual acting privately, but is restricted to personal/private use — it does not authorize sharing, communication, or institutional use. Art. 23(c) permits only 'analyses and short quotations' (analyses et courtes citations), which is limited to excerpts (RED individually). Art. 23(d) permits reproduction or communication of 'extracts' (extraits) for teaching illustration purposes, not full works, and is limited to teaching (not research per se). There is no general fair use, fair dealing, or open research exception. There is no TDM exception. There is no library/institutional exception for research. The private use exception (Art. 23(b)) is the most permissive for research purposes, permitting full-work reproduction but only for strictly personal and private use. The non-commercial nature of the restriction and the 'strictly personal' qualifier place this at LIGHT BLUE. No classification-neutral factors (remuneration, copy limits, lawful access) affected this determination.
Exceptions considered
Reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for strictly personal and private use of lawfully published works
Analyses and short quotations justified by critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character
Reproduction or communication to the public of extracts of works for illustration of teaching
Original text
Art. 23. — Lorsque l'oeuvre a été licitement publiée, l'auteur ne peut interdire: a) les représentations ou exécutions privées effectuées exclusivement dans un cercle de famille; b) les reproductions, traductions et adaptations destinées à un usage strictement personnel et privé; c) sous réserve de la mention du nom de l'auteur et de la source: — les analyses et courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d'information de l'oeuvre à laquelle elles sont incorporées; — les revues de presse; — la diffusion, même intégrale, par la voie de la presse ou de la radiodiffusion, à titre d'information d'actualité, des discours destinés au public prononcés dans les assemblées politiques, administratives, judiciaires ou académiques, ainsi que dans les réunions publiques d'ordre politique et les cérémonies officielles; d) la reproduction ou la communication au public d'extraits d'oeuvres dans la mesure justifiée par le but à atteindre, à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement par le moyen de publications, d'émissions de radiodiffusion ou d'enregistrements sonores ou visuels, sous réserve qu'une telle utilisation soit conforme aux bons usages; e) la reproduction d'oeuvres d'art et d'architecture par la photographie, le film, la télévision ou tout autre procédé, lorsqu'elles sont situées de façon permanente dans un lieu public.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 23. — When the work has been lawfully published, the author may not prohibit: a) private performances or executions carried out exclusively within a family circle; b) reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for strictly personal and private use; c) subject to mention of the author's name and source: — analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated; — press reviews; — the dissemination, even in full, by the press or broadcasting, as current news information, of speeches intended for the public delivered in political, administrative, judicial or academic assemblies, as well as in public meetings of a political nature and official ceremonies; d) the reproduction or communication to the public of extracts of works to the extent justified by the purpose to be achieved, for purposes of illustration of teaching by means of publications, broadcasts or sound or visual recordings, provided that such use conforms to fair practice; e) the reproduction of works of art and architecture by photography, film, television or any other process, when they are permanently situated in a public place.
Source links
Ordonnance-Loi n° 86-033 du 5 avril 1986 portant protection des droits d'auteurs et des droits voisins
Current law confirmation · Effective 1986-04-05
60%
Relevant section: Art. 23, Art. 24, Art. 25
Dates: Effective 1986-04-05 · Enacted 1986-04-05
Why this score
As of 2025, the Ordonnance-Loi 86-033 of 5 April 1986 remains the copyright law in force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. No amending legislation affecting the exceptions and limitations provisions (Art. 23) has been identified. The most permissive research-relevant exception remains Art. 23(b), which permits reproductions, translations and adaptations for strictly personal and private use. This covers full works of any type but is restricted to individual private use — no sharing, no institutional use, no communication to the public is authorized under this provision. Art. 23(c) (short quotations for scientific purposes) is limited to excerpts. Art. 23(d) (extracts for teaching illustration) is limited to extracts and to teaching purposes. There is no fair use, fair dealing, general research exception, TDM exception, or library/institutional exception for research. Classification: LIGHT BLUE — full-work reproduction permitted but restricted to private/personal use. Classification-neutral factors (non-commercial restriction, lawful publication requirement) were not factored into the color decision.
Exceptions considered
Reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for strictly personal and private use of lawfully published works
Analyses and short quotations justified by critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character
Reproduction or communication to the public of extracts of works for illustration of teaching
Original text
Art. 23. — Lorsque l'oeuvre a été licitement publiée, l'auteur ne peut interdire: a) les représentations ou exécutions privées effectuées exclusivement dans un cercle de famille; b) les reproductions, traductions et adaptations destinées à un usage strictement personnel et privé; c) sous réserve de la mention du nom de l'auteur et de la source: — les analyses et courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d'information de l'oeuvre à laquelle elles sont incorporées; — les revues de presse; — la diffusion, même intégrale, par la voie de la presse ou de la radiodiffusion, à titre d'information d'actualité, des discours destinés au public prononcés dans les assemblées politiques, administratives, judiciaires ou académiques, ainsi que dans les réunions publiques d'ordre politique et les cérémonies officielles; d) la reproduction ou la communication au public d'extraits d'oeuvres dans la mesure justifiée par le but à atteindre, à des fins d'illustration de l'enseignement par le moyen de publications, d'émissions de radiodiffusion ou d'enregistrements sonores ou visuels, sous réserve qu'une telle utilisation soit conforme aux bons usages; e) la reproduction d'oeuvres d'art et d'architecture par la photographie, le film, la télévision ou tout autre procédé, lorsqu'elles sont situées de façon permanente dans un lieu public.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Art. 23. — When the work has been lawfully published, the author may not prohibit: a) private performances or executions carried out exclusively within a family circle; b) reproductions, translations and adaptations intended for strictly personal and private use; c) subject to mention of the author's name and source: — analyses and short quotations justified by the critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work in which they are incorporated; — press reviews; — the dissemination, even in full, by the press or broadcasting, as current news information, of speeches intended for the public delivered in political, administrative, judicial or academic assemblies, as well as in public meetings of a political nature and official ceremonies; d) the reproduction or communication to the public of extracts of works to the extent justified by the purpose to be achieved, for purposes of illustration of teaching by means of publications, broadcasts or sound or visual recordings, provided that such use conforms to fair practice; e) the reproduction of works of art and architecture by photography, film, television or any other process, when they are permanently situated in a public place.