Selected year snapshot
For 2016, the active event in this file is Ley Nº 1322 de Derecho de Autor.
60%
Current rationale
As of 2025, Bolivia's copyright law remains Ley 1322 of 13 April 1992, which has not been replaced or substantially amended with respect to exceptions and limitations for research. No TDM-specific exception has been enacted. The three research-relevant exceptions remain: Art. 24 (personal use copy), Art. 25 (quotation), and Art. 26 (fragments for didactic/scientific research). The most permissive exception for research use involving reproduction of whole works is Art. 24, which permits copying of full published works for the exclusive personal use of the interested party. This covers all types of published works (graphic, sound, audiovisual) but is restricted to individuals acting for personal use only — no sharing, no institutional use. Art. 26 is specifically research-oriented but limited to 'fragments' only. The DS 24582 (1997) regulates software protection under the copyright law but does not create new research exceptions. The DS 1793 (2013) on ICT development does not modify copyright exceptions. Classification: LIGHT BLUE — full-work reproduction is permitted but only for exclusive personal use (individual restriction), no sharing permitted, and the research-specific exception (Art. 26) is limited to fragments. Non-commercial and lawful-access requirements are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Permits copying for exclusive personal use of published works in graphic form or sound/audiovisual recordings, provided the copy was lawfully obtained and use is consistent with fair practice.
Permits quotation by transcribing pertinent passages, provided they are not so extensive as to constitute substantial reproduction detrimental to the author.
Permits inclusion of fragments of others' works in one's own work for didactic or scientific research purposes, with source and author attribution.
Law changes
Ley Nº 1322 de Derecho de Autor
Baseline · Effective 1992-04-13
0%
Relevant section: Art. 24, Art. 25, Art. 26
Dates: Effective 1992-04-13 · Enacted 1992-04-13
Why this score
Three potentially research-relevant exceptions were identified in the Ley 1322 (1992): (1) Art. 24 permits copying for exclusive personal use — but this is limited to personal use and does not explicitly authorize sharing or institutional use; (2) Art. 25 permits quotation of passages — limited to passages/excerpts, not full works; (3) Art. 26 permits inclusion of 'fragments' (fragmentos) of others' works for didactic or scientific research purposes — this is explicitly limited to fragments, not full works. The most permissive exception for research is Art. 26, which allows inclusion of fragments for scientific research. However, 'fragments' clearly caps the quantity at less than full works. Art. 24 (personal use copy) could theoretically allow full-work reproduction for personal use, but it is restricted to personal use of the interested party and does not cover sharing. Even reading Art. 24 as permitting full-work reproduction for personal use (which would yield LIGHT BLUE), the text says 'para el exclusivo uso personal del interesado' — exclusive personal use. However, on closer reading, Art. 24 does permit copying of published works (in graphic, sound, or audiovisual form) for exclusive personal use without limiting to excerpts. This would be LIGHT BLUE. But Art. 26 for research is limited to fragments. The most permissive exception that could apply to a research use involving reproduction of whole works is Art. 24 (personal use copy of full works). This yields LIGHT BLUE. However, re-reading Art. 24 carefully: it permits 'la copia, para el exclusivo uso personal del interesado, de obras publicadas en forma gráfica, o en grabaciones sonoras o audiovisuales' — the copy of published works for exclusive personal use. This does appear to permit full-work reproduction for personal use. Classification: LIGHT BLUE based on Art. 24 permitting full-work reproduction for exclusive personal use (which can include private study/research), restricted to individuals only, no sharing permitted. Non-commercial restriction and lawful-access requirement are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Permits copying for exclusive personal use of published works in graphic form or sound/audiovisual recordings, provided the copy was lawfully obtained and use is consistent with fair practice.
Permits quotation by transcribing pertinent passages, provided they are not so extensive as to constitute substantial reproduction detrimental to the author.
Permits inclusion of fragments of others' works in one's own work for didactic or scientific research purposes, with source and author attribution.
Original text
Artículo 24°.- Es lícita la copia, para el exclusivo uso personal del interesado, de obras publicadas en forma gráfica, o en grabaciones sonoras o audiovisuales, siempre que se haya obtenido el ejemplar respectivo en forma legal. La copia de uso personal no podrá ser utilizada de modo alguno contrario a los usos honrados. Artículo 25°.- Es permitido citar a un autor transcribiendo los pasajes pertinentes, siempre que éstos no sean tantos y seguidos que puedan considerarse como una reproducción simulada y sustancial, que redunde en perjuicio del autor de la obra de donde se toman. Cada cita deberá ir acompañada de la mención del nombre del autor de la obra citada y del título de dicha obra. Artículo 26°.- Es permitido, con fines didácticos o de investigación científica, la inclusión de fragmentos de obras ajenas en una propia, siempre que se indique la fuente y el nombre del autor.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 24.- It is lawful to copy, for the exclusive personal use of the interested party, works published in graphic form, or in sound or audiovisual recordings, provided that the respective copy has been obtained lawfully. The personal use copy may not be used in any manner contrary to fair practice. Article 25.- It is permitted to quote an author by transcribing the pertinent passages, provided that these are not so many and consecutive that they could be considered a simulated and substantial reproduction, to the detriment of the author of the work from which they are taken. Each quotation must be accompanied by the mention of the name of the author of the cited work and the title of said work. Article 26.- It is permitted, for didactic or scientific research purposes, the inclusion of fragments of others' works in one's own, provided that the source and the name of the author are indicated.
Source links
Ley Nº 1322 de Derecho de Autor
Current law confirmation · Effective 1992-04-13
60%
Relevant section: Art. 24, Art. 25, Art. 26
Dates: Effective 1992-04-13 · Enacted 1992-04-13
Why this score
As of 2025, Bolivia's copyright law remains Ley 1322 of 13 April 1992, which has not been replaced or substantially amended with respect to exceptions and limitations for research. No TDM-specific exception has been enacted. The three research-relevant exceptions remain: Art. 24 (personal use copy), Art. 25 (quotation), and Art. 26 (fragments for didactic/scientific research). The most permissive exception for research use involving reproduction of whole works is Art. 24, which permits copying of full published works for the exclusive personal use of the interested party. This covers all types of published works (graphic, sound, audiovisual) but is restricted to individuals acting for personal use only — no sharing, no institutional use. Art. 26 is specifically research-oriented but limited to 'fragments' only. The DS 24582 (1997) regulates software protection under the copyright law but does not create new research exceptions. The DS 1793 (2013) on ICT development does not modify copyright exceptions. Classification: LIGHT BLUE — full-work reproduction is permitted but only for exclusive personal use (individual restriction), no sharing permitted, and the research-specific exception (Art. 26) is limited to fragments. Non-commercial and lawful-access requirements are classification-neutral.
Exceptions considered
Permits copying for exclusive personal use of published works in graphic form or sound/audiovisual recordings, provided the copy was lawfully obtained and use is consistent with fair practice.
Permits quotation by transcribing pertinent passages, provided they are not so extensive as to constitute substantial reproduction detrimental to the author.
Permits inclusion of fragments of others' works in one's own work for didactic or scientific research purposes, with source and author attribution.
Original text
Artículo 24°.- Es lícita la copia, para el exclusivo uso personal del interesado, de obras publicadas en forma gráfica, o en grabaciones sonoras o audiovisuales, siempre que se haya obtenido el ejemplar respectivo en forma legal. La copia de uso personal no podrá ser utilizada de modo alguno contrario a los usos honrados. Artículo 25°.- Es permitido citar a un autor transcribiendo los pasajes pertinentes, siempre que éstos no sean tantos y seguidos que puedan considerarse como una reproducción simulada y sustancial, que redunde en perjuicio del autor de la obra de donde se toman. Cada cita deberá ir acompañada de la mención del nombre del autor de la obra citada y del título de dicha obra. Artículo 26°.- Es permitido, con fines didácticos o de investigación científica, la inclusión de fragmentos de obras ajenas en una propia, siempre que se indique la fuente y el nombre del autor.
English rendering
[Unofficial translation]: Article 24.- It is lawful to copy, for the exclusive personal use of the interested party, works published in graphic form, or in sound or audiovisual recordings, provided that the respective copy has been obtained lawfully. The personal use copy may not be used in any manner contrary to fair practice. Article 25.- It is permitted to quote an author by transcribing the pertinent passages, provided that these are not so many and consecutive that they could be considered a simulated and substantial reproduction, to the detriment of the author of the work from which they are taken. Each quotation must be accompanied by the mention of the name of the author of the cited work and the title of said work. Article 26.- It is permitted, for didactic or scientific research purposes, the inclusion of fragments of others' works in one's own, provided that the source and the name of the author are indicated.