Selected year snapshot
For 2022, the active event in this file is Copyright Order, 1999 (as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013).
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Current rationale
As of 2025, the copyright law in force in Brunei Darussalam is the Copyright Order, 1999 as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013. No further amendments to the Copyright Order have been identified via web search. The BRUIPO legislation page lists only these two instruments under the copyright heading. The Copyright Order, 1999 is modelled on the UK/Singapore copyright framework and is very likely to contain fair dealing provisions for research and private study (similar to the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or the Singapore Copyright Act), which would typically yield a GREEN classification. However, because the full statutory text could not be retrieved and verified via web search from any official source, the classification must remain AMBIGUOUS. The BRUIPO copyright information page confirms that copyright protection in Brunei is automatic and that Brunei is a party to the WTO, Berne Convention, WCT, and WPPT, but does not reproduce the statutory exceptions text. No TDM-specific exception has been identified.
Law changes
Copyright Order, 1999
Baseline · Effective 2000-05-01
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Relevant section: Sections 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100
Dates: Effective 2000-05-01 · Enacted 1999-09-22
Why this score
The Copyright Order, 1999 came into force on 1 May 2000. Before this date, Brunei Darussalam did not have a modern standalone copyright statute in force. The law in force on 1990-01-01 could not be verified via web search. The Copyright Order, 1999 is modelled on the UK/Singapore Copyright Acts and is expected to contain fair dealing provisions for research and private study, but the full statutory text of the 1999 Order could not be retrieved and verified via web search. Without access to the actual text, the classification cannot be confirmed. This baseline reflects the earliest identifiable copyright statute for Brunei Darussalam.
Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013
Relevant update · Effective 2013-12-04
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Dates: Effective 2013-12-04
Why this score
The Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013 (S 92/2013) came into force on 4 December 2013. This amendment is confirmed by the Attorney General's Chambers, BRUIPO, and WIPO Lex. However, the full text of the amendment could not be retrieved via web search from any of these sources. The BRUIPO copyright page notes that Brunei is a party to the WTO, Berne Convention, WCT, and WPPT, and the 2013 amendment is understood to have updated the Copyright Order to comply with these treaties (particularly WCT and WPPT). Without the actual text, it is impossible to determine whether the amendment modified any research-related exceptions or limitations. The classification remains AMBIGUOUS because the underlying statutory text (both the original 1999 Order and the 2013 amendment) could not be verified.
Source links
Copyright Order, 1999 (as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013)
Current law confirmation · Effective 2013-12-04
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Dates: Effective 2013-12-04
Why this score
As of 2025, the copyright law in force in Brunei Darussalam is the Copyright Order, 1999 as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013. No further amendments to the Copyright Order have been identified via web search. The BRUIPO legislation page lists only these two instruments under the copyright heading. The Copyright Order, 1999 is modelled on the UK/Singapore copyright framework and is very likely to contain fair dealing provisions for research and private study (similar to the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or the Singapore Copyright Act), which would typically yield a GREEN classification. However, because the full statutory text could not be retrieved and verified via web search from any official source, the classification must remain AMBIGUOUS. The BRUIPO copyright information page confirms that copyright protection in Brunei is automatic and that Brunei is a party to the WTO, Berne Convention, WCT, and WPPT, but does not reproduce the statutory exceptions text. No TDM-specific exception has been identified.