Copyright Atlas
Global Atlas of Copyright Exceptions for AI and Machine Learning
Explore how copyright law affects AI training, machine learning, and text-and-data mining across jurisdictions worldwide.
Copyright rules governing AI training and text-and-data mining differ widely across countries and have evolved rapidly in recent decades. The Copyright Atlas provides an interactive global map and structured legal dataset tracking research exceptions, private-use rules, and TDM provisions across 194 countries and 52 territories. The project combines academic legal research with automated statutory analysis to document how copyright law relevant to AI has developed over time.
Interactive map
Explore AI-Relevant Copyright Law Around the World
Click on a country to explore the copyright rules governing AI training and text-and-data mining.
Timeline
2025
Selected frame
All jurisdictions, 2025
Color guide
What the scores mean
The law permits reproduction of whole works, of any type, by any user, but does NOT permit communication or sharing with others OR the law permits reproduction AND communication (making available/sharing) of whole works, of any type, by any user. This includes general fair use or open research exceptions.
The law permits reproduction of whole works, but restricts the use to individuals (e.g., 'private use' or 'personal study'), effectively prohibiting collaborative or institutional research OR the law permits whole-work reproductions only by specific institutions (e.g., libraries, archives, or museums), with no general equivalent right for individuals or other users OR the law provides a research exception but excludes significant categories of works (e.g., excludes databases, computer programs, or whole books).
The law permits only the use of quotations or excerpts (e.g., 'short passages' or specific word counts) and does not permit full-work reproduction for research.
Understanding Copyright Exceptions for AI Training
Artificial intelligence systems often rely on large datasets for training. Whether this training is lawful depends on national copyright exceptions such as fair use, research exceptions, private copying rules, or specific text-and-data mining provisions. The Copyright Atlas tracks these rules across jurisdictions and documents when they were introduced or amended.
Jurisdiction index
Details and excerpts from legal texts
Afghanistan
Law Supporting the Rights of Authors, Composers, Artists and Researchers (Copyright Law).
Albania
Law No. 35/2016 dated 31.03.2016 on Copyright and Related Rights.
Algeria
Ordonnance n° 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.
American Samoa
Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as amended through 2025.
Andorra
Llei sobre drets d'autor i drets veïns, del 10 de juny del 1999.
Angola
Lei n.º 15/14, de 31 de Julho — Lei dos Direitos de Autor e Conexos.
Anguilla
Copyright Act (R.S.A. c. C63).
Antarctica
No summary is available for this jurisdiction yet.
Antigua and Barbuda
Copyright Act, 2003 (No. 22 of 2003).
Argentina
Ley 11.723 - Régimen Legal de la Propiedad Intelectual (as amended up to Ley 26.570 of 2009).
Armenia
Law of the Republic of Armenia on Copyright and Related Rights (2006, as amended).
Aruba
Auteursverordening (AB 2003 no. GT 10, consolidated text).
Australia
Copyright Act 1968 (consolidated as of 2025).
Austria
Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG), konsolidierte Fassung 2025.
Azerbaijan
Müəllif hüququ və əlaqəli hüquqlar haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanunu (Law on Copyright and Related Rights, as last amended).
Bahamas
Copyright Act, 1998 (as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2004).
Bahrain
Legislative Decree No. 22 of 2006 with Respect to the Protection of Author's Rights and Attendant Rights (as amended up to Law No. 5 of 2014).
Bangladesh
কপিরাইট আইন, ২০২৩ (Copyright Act, 2023).
Barbados
Copyright Act, Chapter 300 (Act 1998-4, as amended up to Act 2006-1).
Belarus
Закон Республики Беларусь «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» № 262-Z от 17 мая 2011 г. (Law of the Republic of Belarus on Copyright and Related Rights No. 262-Z of 17 May 2011, as amended).
Belgium
Code de droit économique, Livre XI (as amended by Loi du 19 juin 2022).
Belize
Copyright Act, Chapter 252 (Revised Edition 2000, as amended).
Benin
Loi N° 2005-30 du 05 avril 2006 relative à la protection du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins en République du Bénin.
Bermuda
Copyright and Designs Act 2004.
Bhutan
The Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001.
Bolivia
Ley Nº 1322 de Derecho de Autor.
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
Auteurswet 1912 (as applicable to Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba).
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zakon o autorskom i srodnim pravima Bosne i Hercegovine (2010, as amended).
Botswana
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 2000 (Cap. 68:02), as amended by Act 6 of 2006.
Bouvet Island
Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) LOV-2018-06-15-40, as amended.
Brazil
Lei nº 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998 (conforme alterada).
British Indian Ocean Territory
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as applied to BIOT via English law, as amended through 2025).
Brunei Darussalam
Copyright Order, 1999 (as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Order, 2013).
Bulgaria
Закон за авторското право и сродните му права (Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights, as amended through SG No. 108/2023).
Burkina Faso
Loi n°032-99/AN du 22 décembre 1999 portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique / Accord de Bangui révisé (Annexe VII).
Burundi
Act No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi.
Cabo Verde
Decreto-Legislativo n.º 1/2009 de 27 de Abril (Revisão da Lei do Direito de Autor), as supplemented by Lei n.º 118/VIII/2016.
Cambodia
Law on the Copyright and Related Rights.
Cameroon
Loi n° 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000 relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins.
Canada
Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42 (as amended, current to 2025).
Cayman Islands
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as extended to the Cayman Islands by the Copyright (Cayman Islands) Order 2015 and the Copyright (Cayman Islands) (Amendment) Order 2016).
Central African Republic
Accord de Bangui révisé (2015) – Annexe VII relative à la propriété littéraire et artistique.
Chile
Ley N° 17.336 sobre Propiedad Intelectual (as amended through Ley N° 21.045 of 2017 and subsequent amendments).
China
中华人民共和国著作权法 (2020年修正).
Christmas Island
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), Compilation No. 64, as applied to Christmas Island.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (as currently in force).
Colombia
Ley 23 de 1982 sobre derechos de autor (as amended by Ley 1915 de 2018).
Comoros
Loi n° 57-298 du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et artistique.
Congo
Ordonnance-Loi n° 86-033 du 5 avril 1986 portant protection des droits d'auteurs et des droits voisins.
Congo
Loi n° 24/82 du 7 juillet 1982 sur le Droit d'auteur et les Droits voisins.
Cook Islands
Copyright Act 2013 (Cook Islands).
Costa Rica
Ley N° 6683 sobre Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos (as amended through Law 9858).
Croatia
Zakon o autorskom pravu i srodnim pravima (NN 111/2021).
Cuba
Ley No. 154/2022 De los Derechos del Autor y del Artista Intérprete.
Curaçao
Auteursverordening 1913 (Copyright Ordinance 1913).
Cyprus
The Copyright Law, 1976 (as amended through Law No. 133(I)/2022).
Czechia
Zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, ve znění pozdějších předpisů (autorský zákon), as amended through Act 429/2022 Sb..
Côte d'Ivoire
Loi n° 2016-555 du 26 juillet 2016 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.
Denmark
Ophavsretsloven (Danish Copyright Act, as amended through 2024).
Djibouti
Loi n° 154/AN/06 du 23 juillet 2006 relative à la protection du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins.
Dominica
Copyright Act, 2003 (Act No. 5 of 2003).
Dominican Republic
Ley nº 65-00 sobre Derecho de Autor.
Ecuador
Código Orgánico de la Economía Social de los Conocimientos, Creatividad e Innovación (COESCCI / Código Ingenios).
Egypt
Law No. 82 of 2002 on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (قانون حماية حقوق الملكية الفكرية رقم 82 لسنة 2002) – Book Three (Copyright and Neighboring Rights), as amended.
El Salvador
Ley de Fomento y Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (Decreto Legislativo N° 604, as amended).
Equatorial Guinea
Ley de 10 de enero de 1879 sobre Propiedad Intelectual (Spanish Intellectual Property Law of 1879, as applied in Equatorial Guinea).
Eritrea
No summary is available for this jurisdiction yet.
Estonia
Autoriõiguse seadus (Copyright Act - consolidated).
Eswatini
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 2018.
Ethiopia
Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection Proclamation No. 410/2004, as amended by Proclamation No. 872/2014.
Falkland Islands
Copyright and Patents Ordinance 1999 (Falkland Islands Ordinance No. 15 of 1999), applying CDPA 1988.
Faroe Islands
Ophavsretsloven (Consolidated Act No. 1144 of 23 October 2014, as amended) as applied in the Faroe Islands.
Fiji
Copyright Act 1999 (Act No. 10 of 1999).
Finland
Tekijänoikeuslaki (404/1961, as amended up to 1216/2023).
France
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
French Guiana
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
French Polynesia
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (as amended through 2025).
French Southern Territories
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (Intellectual Property Code), as amended.
Gabon
Loi n° 1/87 du 29 juillet 1987 instituant la protection du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins.
Gambia
Copyright Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004).
Georgia
Law of Georgia on Copyright and Related Rights (consolidated as of 09/12/2025).
Germany
Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG).
Ghana
Copyright Act, 2005 (Act 690).
Gibraltar
Intellectual Property (Copyright and Related Rights) Act 2005 (as amended).
Greece
Νόμος 2121/1993 (Law 2121/1993, as amended through Law 4996/2022 and subsequent amendments).
Greenland
Danish Copyright Act (Ophavsretsloven), as applied to Greenland.
Grenada
Copyright Act, 2011 (Act No. 21 of 2011).
Guadeloupe
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
Guam
Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as applied to Guam via 48 U.S.C. § 1421n.
Guatemala
Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (Decreto 33-98, as amended by Decretos 11-2006 and 21-2018).
Guernsey
Copyright (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Ordinance, 2005.
Guinea
Loi relative au droit d'auteur et aux droits voisins (Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1980).
Guinea-Bissau
Código do Direito de Autor (aprovado pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 46.980).
Guyana
Copyright Act, 1956 (as extended to British Guiana by The Copyright (British Guiana) Order 1966).
Haiti
Décret du 12 octobre 2005 sur le droit d'auteur.
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), as amended, applied to Heard Island and McDonald Islands via the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953.
Holy See
Legge N. CXXXII/2011 (incorporating Italian Law No. 633/1941 as amended through 2024).
Honduras
Ley del Derecho de Autor y de los Derechos Conexos (Decreto No. 4-99-E, modificada por Decreto No. 16-2006).
Hong Kong
Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528) (as amended through Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2022).
Hungary
1999. évi LXXVI. törvény a szerzői jogról (Act LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright, as amended).
Iceland
Höfundalög nr. 73/1972 (as amended through Act No. 88/2019 and Act No. 53/2019).
India
Copyright Act, 1957 (Act No. 14 of 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012).
Indonesia
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta.
Iran
Act on Protection of Authors, Composers and Artists Rights (1970) / Law on the Protection of Computer Software (2000).
Iraq
Copyright Law No. 3 of 1971, as amended by CPA Order No. 83 of 2004.
Ireland
Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (as amended).
Isle of Man
Copyright Act 1991 (AT 8 of 1991) (as amended through 2013).
Israel
Copyright Act, 2007 (as amended through Amendment No. 5, 2019).
Italy
Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 – Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio (as amended through D.Lgs. 177/2021).
Jamaica
The Copyright Act, 1993 (as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1999 and the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2015).
Japan
著作権法（昭和四十五年法律第四十八号）（令和6年改正後）.
Jersey
Intellectual Property (Unregistered Rights) (Jersey) Law 2011 (as amended).
Jordan
قانون حماية حق المؤلف رقم 22 لسنة 1992 (معدلاً بالقانون رقم 23 لسنة 2014) (Law No. 22 of 1992 on Copyright Protection, as amended through Law No. 23 of 2014).
Kazakhstan
Закон Республики Казахстан от 10 июня 1996 года № 6-I «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (с изменениями и дополнениями по состоянию на 06.04.2024).
Kenya
Copyright Act, 2001 (Cap. 130), as amended through Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2022 (Act No. 14 of 2022).
Kiribati
Copyright Act 2018 (Act No. 8 of 2018).
Korea
조선민주주의인민공화국 저작권법 (Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea).
Korea
저작권법 (Copyright Act, as amended up to Act No. 20358).
Kuwait
قانون رقم 75 لسنة 2019 بإصدار قانون حقوق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة (Law No. 75 of 2019 on Copyright and Related Rights).
Kyrgyzstan
Закон Кыргызской Республики «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (в действующей редакции).
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Law No. 50/NA on Intellectual Property.
Latvia
Grozījumi Autortiesību likumā (Amendments to the Copyright Law transposing DSM Directive).
Lebanon
Law on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property (Law No. 75 of April 3, 1999).
Lesotho
Copyright Order, 1989 (Order No. 13 of 1989).
Liberia
Liberia Intellectual Property Act, 2016.
Libya
Libyan Law No. (9) for 1968 – Law for the Protection of Copyright (قانون حماية حق المؤلف).
Liechtenstein
Gesetz vom 19. Mai 1999 über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (Urheberrechtsgesetz, URG), as amended through 2021.
Lithuania
Lietuvos Respublikos autorių teisių ir gretutinių teisių įstatymas (Law on Copyright and Related Rights, No. VIII-1185, as amended through 2023).
Luxembourg
Loi modifiée du 18 avril 2001 sur les droits d'auteur, les droits voisins et les bases de données (as amended through Loi du 1er avril 2022).
Macao
Decreto-Lei n.º 43/99/M, de 16 de Agosto, alterado pela Lei n.º 5/2012.
Madagascar
Loi n° 94-036 portant sur la Propriété Littéraire et Artistique.
Malawi
Copyright Act, 2016 (Act No. 26 of 2016).
Malaysia
Copyright Act 1987 (Act 332, as amended up to Act A1645).
Maldives
Copyright & Related Rights Act (Law No. 23/2010), as amended in 2024.
Mali
Loi n° 08-024 du 23 juillet 2008 fixant le régime de la propriété littéraire et artistique en République du Mali.
Malta
Copyright Act (Cap. 415), as amended through Act XXXV of 2023, together with L.N. 261 of 2021.
Marshall Islands
Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991.
Martinique
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
Mauritania
Loi n° 2012-038 du 17 juillet 2012 relative à la propriété littéraire et artistique.
Mauritius
Copyright Act 2014 (as amended by the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2017).
Mayotte
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée 2025).
Mexico
Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (texto vigente, última reforma DOF 15-01-2026).
Micronesia
Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, Title 35, Chapter 1 - Copyrights.
Moldova
Legea Republicii Moldova privind dreptul de autor și drepturile conexe, Nr. 139 din 02.07.2010 (cu modificările ulterioare).
Monaco
Loi n° 491 du 24 novembre 1948 sur la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques (telle que modifiée par la loi n° 1.526 du 1er juillet 2022).
Mongolia
Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as revised); Law on Intellectual Property (2020, as amended 2021).
Montenegro
Zakon o autorskom i srodnim pravima (Official Gazette of Montenegro No. 37/11, 53/16, 145/21, 48/24, 84/24, 100/24).
Montserrat
Copyright Act (Cap. 14.08, Revised Laws of Montserrat).
Morocco
Loi n° 2-00 relative aux droits d'auteur et droits voisins (telle que modifiée par les lois n° 34-05, 79-12 et 66-19).
Mozambique
Lei n.º 9/2022 de 29 de Junho (Lei dos Direitos do Autor e Direitos Conexos).
Myanmar
Copyright Law of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 15, 2019).
Namibia
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act, 1994 (Act 6 of 1994), as amended by Business and Intellectual Property Authority Act, 2016 (Act 8 of 2016).
Nauru
Copyright Act 2019 (Act No. 17 of 2019, as amended by the Revised Written Laws Act 2021).
Nepal
Copyright Act, 2059 (2002).
Netherlands
Auteurswet (geconsolideerd 2025).
New Caledonia
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (as applicable in New Caledonia).
New Zealand
Copyright Act 1994 (as at 13 November 2025).
Nicaragua
Ley No. 312, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos (as amended by Ley No. 577 of 2006, consolidated text per Digesto Jurídico 2020).
Niger
Ordonnance n° 2010-95 du 23 décembre 2010 relative à la protection du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins.
Nigeria
Copyright Act, 2022 (Act No. 8 of 2022).
Niue
Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand), as applied to Niue via Niue Act 1966, section 686.
Norfolk Island
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (as in force in 2025).
Northern Mariana Islands
United States Copyright Act (Title 17, United States Code).
Norway
Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) av 15. juni 2018 nr. 40 (as amended through 2024).
Oman
Law for the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (Royal Decree No. 65/2008, as amended by Royal Decree No. 132/2008).
Pakistan
Copyright Ordinance, 1962 (as amended).
Palau
Palau Copyright Act (RPPL No. 6-36, as codified in Title 35 Palau National Code).
Palestine, State of
Copyright Ordinance, 1911 (as applied to Palestine) / قانون حقوق الطبع والتأليف رقم (15) لسنة 1924م.
Panama
Ley 64 de 10 de octubre de 2012, sobre Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (as amended by Ley 90 de 2019).
Papua New Guinea
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000.
Paraguay
Ley Nº 1.328/98 - De Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (as amended by Ley Nº 5.247/2014).
Peru
Decreto Legislativo Nº 822 - Ley sobre el Derecho de Autor (as amended).
Philippines
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293, as amended by RA 10372).
Pitcairn
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK), as extended to Pitcairn by the Copyright (Pitcairn) Order 2003 (SI 2003/2758).
Poland
Ustawa z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych (as amended through 2024).
Portugal
Código do Direito de Autor e dos Direitos Conexos (CDADC), conforme alterado pelo DL n.º 47/2023, de 19 de Junho (18.ª versão).
Puerto Rico
U.S. Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as amended.
Qatar
قانون رقم 7 لسنة 2002 بشأن حماية حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة.
Romania
Legea nr. 8/1996 privind dreptul de autor și drepturile conexe (as amended through Legea nr. 69/2022).
Russian Federation
Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации, Часть четвёртая (в действующей редакции 2025 г.).
Rwanda
Law N° 055/2024 of 20/06/2024 on the Protection of Intellectual Property.
Réunion
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
Saint Barthélemy
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Copyright Act 1956 (UK), as applied by Copyright (St Helena) Order 1963 (SI 1963/1038).
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Copyright Act 2024.
Saint Lucia
Copyright Act (Chapter 13.07, Revised Laws of Saint Lucia 2023), as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Act, 2024.
Saint Martin
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée 2025).
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (consolidated version in force in 2025).
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Copyright Act, 2003 (Act No. 21 of 2003).
Samoa
Copyright Act 1998 (Act No. 25 of 1998, as amended by Act No. 10 of 2011).
Sao Tome and Principe
Código da Propriedade Intelectual (Decreto-Lei n.º 23/2016).
Saudi Arabia
نظام حماية حقوق المؤلف (Copyright Law, Royal Decree No. M/41 of 2/7/1424H, as amended by Council of Ministers Decision No. 536 of 19/10/1439H).
Senegal
Loi n° 2008-09 du 25 janvier 2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins.
Serbia
Zakon o autorskom i srodnim pravima (prečišćen tekst sa izmenama 2009, 2011, 2012, 2019).
Seychelles
Copyright Act, 2014 (Act 5 of 2014).
Sierra Leone
The Copyright Act, 2011 (Act No. 8 of 2011).
Singapore
Copyright Act 2021 (No. 22 of 2021).
Sint Maarten
Auteursverordening (Copyright Ordinance, as continued in force in Sint Maarten).
Slovakia
Zákon č. 185/2015 Z. z. o autorskom práve a právach súvisiacich s autorským právom (autorský zákon) v znení neskorších predpisov.
Slovenia
Zakon o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah (ZASP) – consolidated.
Solomon Islands
Copyright Act 2014.
Somalia
Copyright Law, Law No. 66 of 7 September 1977.
South Africa
Copyright Act 98 of 1978 (as amended through Act 9 of 2002).
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK) (as amended), as applied to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
South Sudan
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996.
Spain
Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996), versión consolidada vigente en 2025.
Sri Lanka
Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003 (as amended by Act No. 8 of 2022).
Sudan
قانون حماية حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة لسنة 1996 (Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act, 1996).
Suriname
Auteurswet 1913 (as amended through S.B. 2015 no. 83).
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Åndsverkloven (Act No. 40 of 15 June 2018 on Copyright for Intellectual Property, etc., as amended through 2023).
Sweden
Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (as amended through SFS 2022:1712).
Switzerland
Bundesgesetz über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (Urheberrechtsgesetz, URG).
Syrian Arab Republic
المرسوم التشريعي رقم 62 لعام 2013 بشأن حماية حقوق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة (Legislative Decree No. 62/2013 on the Protection of Copyright and Neighboring Rights).
Taiwan
著作權法 (Copyright Act).
Tajikistan
Закон Республики Таджикистан «Об авторском праве и смежных правах» (as amended through Law No. 1488 of 02.01.2018).
Tanzania, the United Republic of
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Cap. 218 [R.E. 2023].
Thailand
Copyright Act B.E. 2537 (1994), as amended through Copyright Act (No. 4) B.E. 2561 (2018).
Timor-Leste
Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos (Code of Copyright and Related Rights).
Togo
Loi n° 91-12 du 10 juin 1991 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins.
Tokelau
Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand, as amended).
Tonga
Copyright Act 2002 (Act No. 12 of 2002), as amended by Copyright (Amendment) Act 2025 (Act No. 19 of 2025).
Trinidad and Tobago
Copyright Act, Chapter 82:80 (as amended through Act No. 14 of 2020).
Tunisia
Loi n° 94-36 du 24 février 1994 relative à la propriété littéraire et artistique, telle que modifiée et complétée par la loi n° 2009-33 du 23 juin 2009.
Turkey
Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu (Law No. 5846 on Intellectual and Artistic Works, as amended through Law No. 6552 of 10 September 2014).
Turkmenistan
Law of Turkmenistan on Copyright and Related Rights (No. 257-IV, as amended through No. 668-V of 25.11.2017).
Turks and Caicos Islands
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK), as extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands by the Copyright (Turks and Caicos Islands) Order 2003 (SI 2003/2500).
Tuvalu
Copyright Act (Cap. 57) (Laws of Tuvalu).
Uganda
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 2006 (Cap 222, as consolidated to 31 December 2023).
Ukraine
Закон України «Про авторське право і суміжні права» № 2811-IX.
United Arab Emirates
Federal Decree-Law No. 38 of 2021 on Copyrights and Neighboring Rights.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as amended through 2025.
United States of America
Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as amended through 2025.
Uruguay
Ley Nº 9.739 de 17 de diciembre de 1937 (as amended up to Ley Nº 19.857 of 23 December 2019).
Uzbekistan
Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Copyright and Related Rights" (No. ZRU-42 of July 20, 2006, as amended through August 20, 2021).
Vanuatu
Copyright and Related Rights Act No. 42 of 2000 (as amended by Act No. 10 of 2021).
Venezuela
Ley sobre el Derecho de Autor.
Viet Nam
Luật Sở hữu trí tuệ (consolidated as amended through Law No. 07/2022/QH15).
Virgin Islands
Copyright Act, 1956 (UK) as extended to the British Virgin Islands.
Virgin Islands
Copyright Act of 1976 (Title 17, United States Code), as amended.
Wallis and Futuna
Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée en vigueur en 2025).
Western Sahara
Loi n° 2-00 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins, telle que modifiée par la loi n° 34-05, la loi n° 79-12, et la loi n° 66-19.
Yemen
Law No. 15 of 2012 on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights.
Zambia
Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994 (Chapter 406, as amended through Act 25 of 2010).
Zimbabwe
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act [Chapter 26:05].
Åland Islands
Upphovsrättslag (8.7.1961/404, as amended through 306/2023).